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英语中考复习资料系列之句法1(2)

2010-10-03 
作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词,它们往往要带有修饰词,这些词可能是形容词,也可能是短语,但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数,要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份。

  Let's go home, shall we?

  Let us go home, will you?

  She had to leave, didn't she?

  Do your homework at once, will you?

  There is not much good news in today's newspaper, is there?

  Neither of them are right, are they?

  I think he will come to the party won't he?

  think 后的宾语从句,与其他宾语从句不一样,在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语,其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词,而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定,如: I don't think he is coming to our party, is he?

  [误] I want to know where does he live 

  [正] I want to know where he lives 

  [析] 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序,而不用疑问语序。

  [误] - I haven't got a ticket for the football match

  - Nor I have 

  [正] - I haven't got a ticket for the football match

  - Nor (Neither) have I 

  [析] nor, neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so, 如: I do my homework very quickly, So does Mary

  [误] Look! Here the bus comes! 

  [正] Look! Here comes the bus! 

  [误] Look! Here comes he! 

  [正] Look! Here he comes 

  [析] 在 there, here 打头的句子中,如果主语是名词,则要采用倒装语序;如果是人称代词则用一般语序。

  [误] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?

  No, I don't hope so 

  [正] Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?

  No, I hope not 

  [析] 我不这样想,可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not 这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的,如: I think so. I hope so

  [误] That is difficult for us to learn English well 

  [正] It is difficult for us to learn English well 

  [析] It 这里的语法作用是形式主语,而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that, 如: I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。

  (三) 例题解析 

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