Directions:
You are going to read a text about animation, followed by a list of explanations. Choose the best explanation from the list AF for each numbered subheading (4145). There is one extra explanation which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Animation is a kind of motion pictures created by recording a series of still images—of drawings, objects, or people in various positions of incremental movement—that when played back no longer appear individually as static images but combine to produce the illusion of unbroken motion. The term animation applies to creations on film, video, or computers, and even to motion toys, which usually consist of a series of drawings or photographs on paper that are viewed with a mechanical device or by flipping through a handheld sequence of images.
(41) Techniques
There are many ways to create animation, depending on whether the materials used are flat (such as drawings, paintings, or cutout pieces of paper) or dimensional (such as clay, puppets, household objects, or even people).
(42) Production process
After choosing an idea for a film, an animator must think about a concept in terms of individual actions.
(43) History
Animation has been a part of cinema history from the time the first motion pictures were made in the late 1800s.
(44) Walt Disney
The company’s founder, Walt Disney, was born in Chicago, but grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, where he met animator Ub Iwerks and composer Carl Stalling, who were to be important to his future success.
(45) Japanese animation
Japanese animation, known as anime, blossomed after World War II ended in 1945 and today is immensely popular both within Japan and worldwide.
Current trends
Two trends in the animation industry are likely to have a profound influence on its future: a significant increase in production and exhibition opportunities, and the growing importance of new technologies.
[A] Some early liveaction films, known as trick films, used the animation technique of stop action, whereby the camera is stopped and an object is removed or added to a shot before filming is resumed.
[B] Disney (with his thenpartner Iwerks) created a character that was to become the most famous animated figure in history: Mickey Mouse.
[C] Aside from television, perhaps the largest influence on the style of recent animation worldwide has come from computer technologies. Experiments with electronic animation began in the 1930s, but it was not until the late 1970s that computer animation became viable beyond scientific and government applications, particularly for use by the entertainment industry.
[D] In each case, an animator must keep in mind the basic principle of frames per second (the number of images needed to produce one second of film). Because sound film runs at twentyfour frames per second, a film animator must make twentyfour images for each second of animation that he or she wishes to create.
[E] The most important figure in Japanese animation, Osamu Tezuka, created in 1963 the first animated madefortelevision series in Japan, “Tetsuwan Atom” (Astro Boy).
[F] For instance, if an animator decides on an action that will take 3 seconds of animation to complete, the animator will have to create images to fill 72 frames of film (3 seconds of movement multiplied by a running speed of 24 frames per second).
Sample Four
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and several selections from the “Top Ten Worst Reasons” for selecting a college. Choose the most suitable heading from the list AF for each numbered paragraph (4145). There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
[A] They’ve offered me the most scholarship money.
[B] It’s the cheapest.
[C] It’s a great party school.
[D] They’re ranked number one in the “Moron’s Guide to Colleges and universities.”
[E] “I know I’ll get in.”
[F] They offer the hottest “WhoWantsToBeaMillionaireByAge25” major.
“It’s where my boyfriend or girlfriend is going.”
Get real! If the relationship ends, you may find yourself scratching your head, trying to figure out how you ended up at a college that doesn’t suit you in any way. If the relationship survives, the distraction might just affect your grades and /or stifle your social life. Either way, you’ll most likely find yourself wishing you’d given your college choice more serious thought.
41.It’s important to pick a school that has an active campus life, whether you plan to live on campus or commute. A major part of your college experience, after all, will come from interacting with other students in clubs, organizations, and social situations. If there are too many distractions, however, you may have difficulty concentrating on studying, not to mention attending 8 a.m. classes.
42.While it’s important to apply to a “safety school”, one for which you are well qualified, don’t cross your dream college off the list without first doing your homework. Although most schools are vague when it comes to revealing admissions criteria, you can get a sense of your chances of acceptance by reviewing the profile of the previous year’s freshman class. Ask about the mean Sat score, the range of high school averages, the number of students with a class ranking similar to yours, and the percentage of all applicants.
43.While it’s fine to set high goal for yourself (including financial goals), it’s important to be realistic. No college can guarantee financial success for each of its graduates. That’s not to say you won’t be rich by your midtwenties, but it’s going to depend largely on your ambition, had work, and luck. Also, since many college students end up changing majors, its’ a good idea to enroll at a college that has a wide selection of programs.
44.There are a number of excellent guidebooks that offer information about colleges and universities, all of which should be considered important resources in your selection process. However, be careful about those rankings. Take a good look at the criteria on which the rankings are based; some of these factors may not be all that important to you. Stick to the hard facts (studentfaculty ratio, class size, percentage of courses taught by teaching assistants, etc.)
45.Don’t compare apples with oranges. If college “A” is offering $ 5,000 in grants, and college “B” is only offering $ 1,000, college “A” must be the better deal, right? Not necessarily! Subtract the amount grants from the total cost of education at each school in order to get the real cost of attending. And remember: most scholarships have conditions attached (i.e., you must maintain fulltime status and a certain grade point average in order to retain the award).
