linux命令tar
[root@test flume]# tar --help
Usage: tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...
GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.
Examples:
? tar -cf archive.tar foo bar? # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.
? tar -tvf archive.tar???????? # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.
? tar -xf archive.tar????????? # Extract all files from archive.tar.
?Main operation mode:
? -A, --catenate, --concatenate?? append tar files to an archive
? -c, --create?????????????? create a new archive
? -d, --diff, --compare????? find differences between archive and file system
????? --delete?????????????? delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)
? -r, --append?????????????? append files to the end of an archive
? -t, --list???????????????? list the contents of an archive
????? --test-label?????????? test the archive volume label and exit
? -u, --update?????????????? only append files newer than copy in archive
? -x, --extract, --get?????? extract files from an archive
?Operation modifiers:
????? --check-device???????? check device numbers when creating incremental
???????????????????????????? archives (default)
? -g, --listed-incremental=FILE?? handle new GNU-format incremental backup
? -G, --incremental????????? handle old GNU-format incremental backup
????? --ignore-failed-read?? do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files
????? --level=NUMBER???????? dump level for created listed-incremental archive
? -n, --seek???????????????? archive is seekable
????? --no-check-device????? do not check device numbers when creating
???????????????????????????? incremental archives
????? --no-seek????????????? archive is not seekable
????? --occurrence[=NUMBER]? process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file
???????????????????????????? in the archive; this option is valid only in
???????????????????????????? conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,
???????????????????????????? --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of
???????????????????????????? files is given either on the command line or via
???????????????????????????? the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1
????? --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
???????????????????????????? set version of the sparse format to use (implies
???????????????????????????? --sparse)
? -S, --sparse?????????????? handle sparse files efficiently
?Overwrite control:
? -k, --keep-old-files?????? don't replace existing files when extracting
????? --keep-newer-files???? don't replace existing files that are newer than
???????????????????????????? their archive copies
????? --no-overwrite-dir???? preserve metadata of existing directories
????? --overwrite??????????? overwrite existing files when extracting
????? --overwrite-dir??????? overwrite metadata of existing directories when
???????????????????????????? extracting (default)
????? --recursive-unlink???? empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory
????? --remove-files???????? remove files after adding them to the archive
? -U, --unlink-first???????? remove each file prior to extracting over it
? -W, --verify?????????????? attempt to verify the archive after writing it
?Select output stream:
????? --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children
????? --no-ignore-command-error?? treat non-zero exit codes of children as
???????????????????????????? error
? -O, --to-stdout??????????? extract files to standard output
????? --to-command=COMMAND?? pipe extracted files to another program
?Handling of file attributes:
????? --acls???????????????? Save the ACLs to the archive
????? --atime-preserve[=METHOD]?? preserve access times on dumped files, either
???????????????????????????? by restoring the times after reading
???????????????????????????? (METHOD='replace'; default) or by not setting the
???????????????????????????? times in the first place (METHOD='system')
????? --delay-directory-restore?? delay setting modification times and
???????????????????????????? permissions of extracted directories until the end
???????????????????????????? of extraction
????? --group=NAME?????????? force NAME as group for added files
????? --mode=CHANGES???????? force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files
????? --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE?? set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE
? -m, --touch??????????????? don't extract file modified time
????? --no-acls????????????? Don't extract the ACLs from the archive
????? --no-delay-directory-restore
???????????????????????????? cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore
???????????????????????????? option
????? --no-same-owner??????? extract files as yourself (default for ordinary
???????????????????????????? users)
????? --no-same-permissions? apply the user's umask when extracting permissions
???????????????????????????? from the archive (default for ordinary users)
????? --no-selinux?????????? Don't extract the SELinux context from the archive
???????????????????????????
????? --no-xattrs??????????? Don't extract the user/root xattrs from the
???????????????????????????? archive
????? --numeric-owner??????? always use numbers for user/group names
????? --owner=NAME?????????? force NAME as owner for added files
? -p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
???????????????????????????? extract information about file permissions
???????????????????????????? (default for superuser)
????? --preserve???????????? same as both -p and -s
????? --same-owner?????????? try extracting files with the same ownership as
???????????????????????????? exists in the archive (default for superuser)
? -s, --preserve-order, --same-order
???????????????????????????? sort names to extract to match archive
????? --selinux????????????? Save the SELinux context to the archive
????? --xattrs?????????????? Save the user/root xattrs to the archive
?Device selection and switching:
? -f, --file=ARCHIVE???????? use archive file or device ARCHIVE
????? --force-local????????? archive file is local even if it has a colon
? -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
???????????????????????????? run script at end of each tape (implies -M)
? -L, --tape-length=NUMBER?? change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes
? -M, --multi-volume???????? create/list/extract multi-volume archive
????? --rmt-command=COMMAND? use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt
????? --rsh-command=COMMAND? use remote COMMAND instead of rsh
????? --volno-file=FILE????? use/update the volume number in FILE
?Device blocking:
? -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS?? BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record
? -B, --read-full-records??? reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)
? -i, --ignore-zeros???????? ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)
????? --record-size=NUMBER?? NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
?Archive format selection:
? -H, --format=FORMAT??????? create archive of the given format
?FORMAT is one of the following:
??? gnu????????????????????? GNU tar 1.13.x format
??? oldgnu?????????????????? GNU format as per tar <= 1.12
??? pax????????????????????? POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format
??? posix??????????????????? same as pax
??? ustar??????????????????? POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format
??? v7?????????????????????? old V7 tar format
????? --old-archive, --portability
???????????????????????????? same as --format=v7
????? --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
???????????????????????????? control pax keywords
????? --posix??????????????? same as --format=posix
? -V, --label=TEXT?????????? create archive with volume name TEXT; at
???????????????????????????? list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern
???????????????????????????? for volume name
?Compression options:
? -a, --auto-compress??????? use archive suffix to determine the compression
???????????????????????????? program
? -I, --use-compress-program=PROG
???????????????????????????? filter through PROG (must accept -d)
? -j, --bzip2??????????????? filter the archive through bzip2
? -J, --xz?????????????????? filter the archive through xz
????? --lzip???????????????? filter the archive through lzip
????? --lzma???????????????? filter the archive through lzma
????? --lzop
????? --no-auto-compress???? do not use archive suffix to determine the
???????????????????????????? compression program
? -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip?? filter the archive through gzip
? -Z, --compress, --uncompress?? filter the archive through compress
?Local file selection:
????? --add-file=FILE??????? add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name
???????????????????????????? starts with a dash)
????? --backup[=CONTROL]???? backup before removal, choose version CONTROL
? -C, --directory=DIR??????? change to directory DIR
????? --exclude=PATTERN????? exclude files, given as a PATTERN
????? --exclude-backups????? exclude backup and lock files
????? --exclude-caches?????? exclude contents of directories containing
???????????????????????????? CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself
????? --exclude-caches-all?? exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG
????? --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
???????????????????????????? CACHEDIR.TAG
????? --exclude-tag=FILE???? exclude contents of directories containing FILE,
???????????????????????????? except for FILE itself
????? --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE
????? --exclude-tag-under=FILE?? exclude everything under directories
???????????????????????????? containing FILE
????? --exclude-vcs????????? exclude version control system directories
? -h, --dereference????????? follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they
???????????????????????????? point to
????? --hard-dereference???? follow hard links; archive and dump the files they
???????????????????????????? refer to
? -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
???????????????????????????? begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive
????? --newer-mtime=DATE???? compare date and time when data changed only
????? --no-null????????????? disable the effect of the previous --null option
????? --no-recursion???????? avoid descending automatically in directories
????? --no-unquote?????????? do not unquote filenames read with -T
????? --null???????????????? -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C
? -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
???????????????????????????? only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE
????? --one-file-system????? stay in local file system when creating archive
? -P, --absolute-names?????? don't strip leading `/'s from file names
????? --recursion??????????? recurse into directories (default)
????? --suffix=STRING??????? backup before removal, override usual suffix ('~'
???????????????????????????? unless overridden by environment variable
???????????????????????????? SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)
? -T, --files-from=FILE????? get names to extract or create from FILE
????? --unquote????????????? unquote filenames read with -T (default)
? -X, --exclude-from=FILE??? exclude patterns listed in FILE
?File name transformations:
????? --strip-components=NUMBER?? strip NUMBER leading components from file
???????????????????????????? names on extraction
????? --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
???????????????????????????? use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file
???????????????????????????? names
?File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):
????? --anchored???????????? patterns match file name start
????? --ignore-case????????? ignore case
????? --no-anchored????????? patterns match after any `/' (default for
???????????????????????????? exclusion)
????? --no-ignore-case?????? case sensitive matching (default)
????? --no-wildcards???????? verbatim string matching
????? --no-wildcards-match-slash?? wildcards do not match `/'
????? --wildcards??????????? use wildcards (default)
????? --wildcards-match-slash?? wildcards match `/' (default for exclusion)
?Informative output:
????? --checkpoint[=NUMBER]? display progress messages every NUMBERth record
???????????????????????????? (default 10)
????? --checkpoint-action=ACTION?? execute ACTION on each checkpoint
????? --index-file=FILE????? send verbose output to FILE
? -l, --check-links????????? print a message if not all links are dumped
????? --no-quote-chars=STRING?? disable quoting for characters from STRING
????? --quote-chars=STRING?? additionally quote characters from STRING
????? --quoting-style=STYLE? set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE
???????????????????????????? values
? -R, --block-number???????? show block number within archive with each
???????????????????????????? message
????? --show-defaults??????? show tar defaults
????? --show-omitted-dirs??? when listing or extracting, list each directory
???????????????????????????? that does not match search criteria
????? --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
???????????????????????????? show file or archive names after transformation
????? --totals[=SIGNAL]????? print total bytes after processing the archive;
???????????????????????????? with an argument - print total bytes when this
???????????????????????????? SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
???????????????????????????? SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names
???????????????????????????? without SIG prefix are also accepted
????? --utc????????????????? print file modification dates in UTC
? -v, --verbose????????????? verbosely list files processed
????? --warning=KEYWORD????? warning control
? -w, --interactive, --confirmation
???????????????????????????? ask for confirmation for every action
?Compatibility options:
? -o???????????????????????? when creating, same as --old-archive; when
???????????????????????????? extracting, same as --no-same-owner
?Other options:
? -?, --help???????????????? give this help list
????? --restrict???????????? disable use of some potentially harmful options
????? --usage??????????????? give a short usage message
????? --version????????????? print program version
Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.
The version control may be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are:
? none, off?????? never make backups
? t, numbered???? make numbered backups
? nil, existing?? numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
? never, simple?? always make simple backups
Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:
? literal
? shell
? shell-always
? c
? c-maybe
? escape
? locale
? clocale
*This* tar defaults to:
--format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt
--rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh
Report bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.
