linux下Nginx+tomcat整合的安装与配置
linux下Nginx+tomcat整合的安装与配置目的：搭建Nginx与tomcat整合，用Nginx代替apache
步骤：
一、安装Tomcat和JDK
?1、上传apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz和jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin至/usr/local
2、执行如下命令安装tomcat：?1.#cd /usr/local2.#tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.18.tar.gz解压完成后将apache-tomcat-6.0.18重命名为tomcat
3、执行如下命令安装JDK:?1.#./jdk-6u12-linux-i586.bin4、配置环境变量：
编辑/etc下的profile文件，加上如下内容：?1.JAVA_HOME="/usr/local/jdk1.6.0_12"2.CLASS_PATH="$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib"3.PATH=".:$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin "4.? 5.CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat"6.export JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME5、启动tomcat并输入http://localhost:8080，如果看到猫的页面即tomcat和jdk安装成功
6、新建文件目录/home/www为网站存放目录，设置server.xml文件，在Host name="localhost"处将appBase=的指向路径改为/home/www/web
7、创建index.jsp至/home/www/web/ROOT，内容为：“My web!” ?
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二、安装Nginx
1、上传nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz至/usr/local
2、执行如下命令解压nginx：?1.#cd /usr/local2.#tar zxvf? nginx-0.7.63.tar.gz3、编译安装nginx?1.#cd nginx-0.7.632.#./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module? #启动server状态页和https模块执行完后会提示一个错误，说缺少PCRE library 这个是HTTP Rewrite 模块，也即是url静态化的包
可上传pcre-7.9.tar.gz，输入如下命令安装：?1.#tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz2.#cd pcre-7.93.#./configure4.#make5.#make install安装pcre成功后，继续安装nginx?1.#cd nginx-0.7.632.#./configure3.#make4.#make install4、nginx安装成功后的安装目录为/usr/local/nginx
在conf文件夹中新建proxy.conf，用于配置一些代理参数，内容如下：?01.#!nginx (-) 02.# proxy.conf 03.proxy_redirect????????? off;04.proxy_set_header??????? Host $host;05.proxy_set_header??????? X-Real-IP $remote_addr;? #获取真实ip06.#proxy_set_header?????? X-Forwarded-For?? $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; #获取代理者的真实ip07.client_max_body_size??? 10m;08.client_body_buffer_size 128k;09.proxy_connect_timeout?? 90;10.proxy_send_timeout????? 90;11.proxy_read_timeout????? 90;12.proxy_buffer_size?????? 4k;13.proxy_buffers?????????? 4 32k; 14.proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;15.proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;编辑安装目录下conf文件夹中的nginx.conf，输入如下内容?001.#运行nginx所在的用户名和用户组002.#user? www www; 003.? 004.#启动进程数005.worker_processes 8;006.#全局错误日志及PID文件007.error_log? /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log? crit;008.? 009.pid??????? /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;010.? 011.#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 012.? 013.worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;014.#工作模式及连接数上限015.events016.{017.??use epoll;018.??worker_connections 65535;019.}020.#设定http服务器，利用它的反向代理功能提供负载均衡支持021.http022.{023.??#设定mime类型024.??include?????? mime.types;025.??default_type? application/octet-stream;026.??include /usr/local/nginx/conf/proxy.conf;027.??#charset? gb2312;028.??#设定请求缓冲??? 029.??server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;030.??client_header_buffer_size 32k;031.??large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; 032.??client_max_body_size 8m;033.??????? 034.??sendfile on;035.??tcp_nopush???? on;036.? 037.??keepalive_timeout 60;038.? 039.??tcp_nodelay on;040.? 041.#? fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;042.#? fastcgi_send_timeout 300;043.#? fastcgi_read_timeout 300;044.#? fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;045.#? fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; 046.#? fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;047.#? fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;048.? 049.#? gzip on;050.#? gzip_min_length? 1k;051.#? gzip_buffers???? 4 16k; 052.#? gzip_http_version 1.0;053.#? gzip_comp_level 2;054.#? gzip_types?????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;055.#? gzip_vary on;056.? 057.??#limit_zone? crawler? $binary_remote_addr? 10m;058.?###禁止通过ip访问站点059.??server{060.????????server_name _;061.????????return 404; 062.????????}063.? 064.? 065.??server066.??{067.????listen?????? 80;068.????server_name? localhost;069.????index index.html index.htm index.jsp;#设定访问的默认首页地址070.????root? /home/www/web/ROOT;#设定网站的资源存放路径071.? 072.????#limit_conn?? crawler? 20;??? 073.????? 074.????location ~ .*.jsp$ #所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat处理075.????{076.??????index index.jsp;077.??????proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;#转向tomcat处理078.??????}079.??????? 080.????? 081.????location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #设定访问静态文件直接读取不经过tomcat082.????{083.??????expires????? 30d;084.????}085.? 086.????location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$087.????{088.??????expires????? 1h;089.????}??? 090.? 091.#定义访问日志的写入格式092.?????log_format? access? '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '093.??????????????'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '094.??????????????'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';095.????access_log? /usr/local/nginx/logs/localhost.log access;#设定访问日志的存放路径096.? 097.??????}098.? 099.? 100.?? 101.? 102.}5、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：?1.#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：?1.the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok2. the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully如果提示unknown host，则可在服务器上执行：ping www.baidu.com如果也是同样提示unknown host则有两种可能：
??? a、服务器没有设置DNS服务器地址，查看/etc/resolv.conf下是否设置，若无则加上
??? b、防火墙拦截
?6、启动nginx的命令?1.#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：?1.ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' 7、停止nginx的命令?1.#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop8、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
a、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：?1./usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：?1.the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok2.the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfullyb、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：?1.ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' 屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
6302
这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
?1.kill -HUP 6302
或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
?1.kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`?? 9、nginx启动好后启动tomcat，此时输入http://主机ip地址即可看到“My web!”
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三、其他
stub_status
语法: stub_status on
默认值: None
作用域: location
创建一个 location 区域启用 stub_status
"stub status" 模块返回的状态信息跟 mathopd's 的状态信息很相似. 返回的状态信息如下：?1.Active connections: 2912.server accepts handled requests3.16630948 16630948 31070465 4.Reading: 6 Writing: 179 Waiting: 106
active connections -- 对后端发起的活动连接数
server accepts handled requests -- nginx 总共处理了 16630948 个连接, 成功创建 16630948 次握手 (证明中间没有失败的), 总共处理了 31070465 个请求 (平均每次握手处理了 1.8个数据请求)
reading -- nginx 读取到客户端的Header信息数
writing -- nginx 返回给客户端的Header信息数
waiting -- 开启 keep-alive 的情况下，这个值等于 active - (reading + writing)，意思就是Nginx说已经处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接
