关于scanf和printf的字符串分割规则,为什么要用&等等问题。求大神回答
1.scanf函数的字符串分割规则是怎么样的,希望可以系统点的回答。比如说scanf("%s%d%c",&name,&age,&sex)我输入了wu 20 m<回车>,那么是怎么分配的。
2.scanf函数为什么要使用&,但是printf就不用
3.
代码1:
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char a[5];
scanf("%s",a);
printf("%s\n",a);
return 0;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char a[5];
scanf("%s",&a);
printf("%s\n",a);
return 0;
}
The format is read from left to right. Characters outside format specifications are expected to match the sequence of characters in stdin; the matching characters in stdin are scanned but not stored. If a character in stdin conflicts with the format specification, scanf terminates, and the character is left in stdin as if it had not been read.
When the first format specification is encountered, the value of the first input field is converted according to this specification and stored in the location that is specified by the first argument. The second format specification causes the second input field to be converted and stored in the second argument, and so on through the end of the format string.
An input field is defined as all characters up to the first white-space character (space, tab, or newline), or up to the first character that cannot be converted according to the format specification, or until the field width (if specified) is reached. If there are too many arguments for the given specifications, the extra arguments are evaluated but ignored. The results are unpredictable if there are not enough arguments for the format specification.
Each field of the format specification is a single character or a number signifying a particular format option. The type character, which appears after the last optional format field, determines whether the input field is interpreted as a character, a string, or a number.
The simplest format specification contains only the percent sign and a type character (for example, %s). If a percent sign (%) is followed by a character that has no meaning as a format-control character, that character and the following characters (up to the next percent sign) are treated as an ordinary sequence of characters, that is, a sequence of characters that must match the input. For example, to specify that a percent-sign character is to be input, use %%.
An asterisk (*) following the percent sign suppresses assignment of the next input field, which is interpreted as a field of the specified type. The field is scanned but not stored.
在每个最后不带\n的printf后面加fflush(stdout);
在每个不想受接收缓冲区旧内容影响的scanf前面加rewind(stdin);
另外请检查scanf的返回值。
------解决方案--------------------
printf里面的%和变量的一一对应关系
scanf里面的%和变量以及变量前加不加&的一一对应关系
是C代码中非常容易出错的地方,而且通常编译还不出错。
所以在编译源代码之前值得专门仔细检查一遍甚至多遍。