ActiveMQ方式：Queue与Topic 详解 教程 加入代码解释说明
一、特性及优势
1、实现 JMS1.1 规范，支持 J2EE1.4以上
2、可运行于任何 jvm和大部分 web 容器（ActiveMQ works great in any JVM）
3、支持多种语言客户端（java, C, C++, AJAX, ACTIONSCRIPT 等等）
4、支持多种协议（stomp，openwire，REST）
5、良好的 spring 支持（ActiveMQ has great Spring Support）
6、速度很快，JBossMQ的十倍（ActiveMQ is very fast; often 10x faster than
JBossMQ.）
7、与 OpenJMS、JbossMQ等开源jms provider 相比，ActiveMQ有 Apache 的支
持，持续发展的优势明显。
二、下载部署
1、下载
http://activemq.apache.org/activemq-510-release.html ，下载 5.1.0 Windows
Distribution版本
2、安装
直接解压至任意目录（如：d:\ apache-activemq-5.1.0）
3、启动 ActiveMQ服务器
方法 1：
直接运行 bin\activemq.bat
方法 2（在 JVM 中嵌套启动）：
cd example
ant embedBroker
4、ActiveMQ消息管理后台系统：
http://localhost:8161/admin
三、运行附带的示例程序
1、Queue 消息示例：(点对点)
* 启动 Queue 消息消费者
cd example ant consumer
* 启动 Queue 消息生产者
cd example
ant producer
简要说明：生产者（producer）发消息，消费者（consumer）接消息，发送/接
收 2000 个消息后自动关闭
2、Topic 消息示例：(群组订阅)
* 启动 Topic 消息消费者
cd example
ant topic-listener
* 启动 Topic 消息生产者
cd example
ant topic-publisher
简要说明：重复 10 轮，publisher每轮发送2000 个消息，并等待获取 listener
的处理结果报告，然后进入下一轮发送，最后统计全局发送时间。
四、Queue与 Topic 的比较
1、JMS Queue 执行 load balancer语义：
一条消息仅能被一个 consumer(消费者) 收到。如果在 message 发送的时候没有可用的
consumer，那么它将被保存一直到能处理该 message 的 consumer 可用。如果一
个 consumer 收到一条 message 后却不响应它，那么这条消息将被转到另一个
consumer 那儿。一个 Queue 可以有很多 consumer，并且在多个可用的 consumer
中负载均衡。
注:
点对点消息传递域的特点如下：
? 每个消息只能有一个消费者。
? 消息的生产者和消费者之间没有时间上的相关性。无论消费者在生产者发
送消息的时候是否处于运行状态，它都可以提取消息。
2、Topic 实现 publish和 subscribe 语义：
一条消息被 publish时，它将发到所有感兴趣的订阅者，所以零到多个subscriber
将接收到消息的一个拷贝。但是在消息代理接收到消息时，只有激活订阅的
subscriber能够获得消息的一个拷贝。
注:
发布/订阅消息传递域的特点如下：
? 每个消息可以有多个消费者。
? 生产者和消费者之间有时间上的相关性。订阅一个主题的消费者只能消费
自它订阅之后发布的消息。JMS 规范允许客户创建持久订阅，这在一定程
度上放松了时间上的相关性要求。持久订阅允许消费者消费它在未处于激
活状态时发送的消息。
3、分别对应两种消息模式：
Point-to-Point (点对点),Publisher/Subscriber Model (发布/订阅者) 其中在 Publicher/Subscriber 模式下又有Nondurable subscription（非持久订阅）
和 durable subscription (持久化订阅)2种消息处理方式(支持离线消息)。
注:
在点对点消息传递域中，目的地被成为队列（queue）；在发布/订阅消息传递
域中，目的地被成为主题（topic）。
五、Point-to-Point (点对点)消息模式开发流程
1、生产者（producer）开发流程（ProducerTool.java）：
1.1 创建 Connection：
根据 url，user 和 password 创建一个 jms Connection。
据 url，user 和 password 创建一个 jms Connection。
Java代码
1. ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url); 2. connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); 3. connection.start(); ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url); connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); connection.start();
1. Session session = connection.createSession(transacted, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); Session session = connection.createSession(transacted, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
1. if (topic) { 2. destination = session.createTopic(subject); 3. } else { 4. destination = session.createQueue(subject); 5. } if (topic) { destination = session.createTopic(subject); } else { destination = session.createQueue(subject); }1. MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination); MessageProducer producer = session.createProducer(destination);
1. TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(createMessageText(i)); 2. producer.send(message); TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(createMessageText(i)); producer.send(message);
1. public class ConsumerTool extends Thread implements MessageListener, ExceptionListener public class ConsumerTool extends Thread implements MessageListener, ExceptionListener
1. ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url); 2. Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); 3. //是否是 durable 模式.(离线消息持久化支持) 4. if (durable && clientId != null && clientId.length() > 0 && !"null".equals(clientId)) { 5. connection.setClientID(clientId); 6. } 7. connection.setExceptionListener(this); 8. connection.start(); ActiveMQConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(user, password, url); Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection(); //是否是 durable 模式.(离线消息持久化支持) if (durable && clientId != null && clientId.length() > 0 && !"null".equals(clientId)) { connection.setClientID(clientId); } connection.setExceptionListener(this); connection.start(); 1. session = connection.createSession(transacted, ackMode); session = connection.createSession(transacted, ackMode);
1. MessageConsumer consumer = null; 2. if (durable && topic) { 3. consumer = session.createDurableSubscriber((Topic) destination, consumerName); 4. } else { 5. consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); 6. } MessageConsumer consumer = null; if (durable && topic) { consumer = session.createDurableSubscriber((Topic) destination, consumerName); } else { consumer = session.createConsumer(destination); } 1. if (message.getJMSReplyTo() != null) { 2. replyProducer.send(message.getJMSReplyTo() 3. , session.createTextMessage("Reply: " 4. + message.getJMSMessageID())); 5. } if (message.getJMSReplyTo() != null) { replyProducer.send(message.getJMSReplyTo() , session.createTextMessage("Reply: " + message.getJMSMessageID())); } 1. public void onMessage(Message message) { 2. if (checkText(message, "SHUTDOWN")) { 3. 4. try { 5. connection.close(); 6. } catch (Exception e) { 7. e.printStackTrace(System.out); 8. } 9. 10. } else if (checkText(message, "REPORT")) { 11. // send a report: 12. try { 13. long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start; 14. String msg = "Received " + count + " in " + time + "ms"; 15. producer.send(session.createTextMessage(msg)); 16. } catch (Exception e) { 17. e.printStackTrace(System.out); 18. } 19. count = 0; 20. 21. } else { 22. 23. if (count == 0) { 24. start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 25. } 26. 27. if (++count % 1000 == 0) { 28. System.out.println("Received " + count + " messages."); 29. } 30. } 31. } public void onMessage(Message message) { if (checkText(message, "SHUTDOWN")) { try { connection.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } } else if (checkText(message, "REPORT")) { // send a report: try { long time = System.currentTimeMillis() - start; String msg = "Received " + count + " in " + time + "ms"; producer.send(session.createTextMessage(msg)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); } count = 0; } else { if (count == 0) { start = System.currentTimeMillis(); } if (++count % 1000 == 0) { System.out.println("Received " + count + " messages."); } } } 1. ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url); 2. connection = factory.createConnection(); ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url); connection = factory.createConnection();
1. session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
1. topic = session.createTopic("topictest.messages"); 2. control = session.createTopic("topictest.control"); topic = session.createTopic("topictest.messages"); control = session.createTopic("topictest.control");1. MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);//创建消费者 2. consumer.setMessageListener(this); 3. 4. connection.start(); 5. 6. producer = session.createProducer(control);//创建生产者 MessageConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(topic);//创建消费者 consumer.setMessageListener(this); connection.start(); producer = session.createProducer(control);//创建生产者
1. //可以先检查消息类型 2. ate static boolean checkText(Message m, String s) { 3. try { 4. return m instanceof TextMessage && ((TextMessage)m).getText().equals(s); 5. } catch (JMSException e) { 6. e.printStackTrace(System.out); 7. return false; 8. } 9. } //可以先检查消息类型private static boolean checkText(Message m, String s) { try { return m instanceof TextMessage && ((TextMessage)m).getText().equals(s); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(System.out); return false; } } 1. //然后 2. if (checkText(message, "SHUTDOWN")) { 3. 4. //关机 5. 6. } else if (checkText(message, "REPORT")) { 7. // 打印 8. 9. 10. } else { 11. //别的操作 12. 13. } //然后 if (checkText(message, "SHUTDOWN")) { //关机 } else if (checkText(message, "REPORT")) { // 打印 } else { //别的操作 } 1. public void onMessage(Message message) { 2. synchronized (mutex) { 3. System.out.println("Received report " + getReport(message) + " " + --remaining + " remaining"); 4. if (remaining == 0) { 5. mutex.notify(); 6. } 7. } 8. } public void onMessage(Message message) { synchronized (mutex) { System.out.println("Received report " + getReport(message) + " " + --remaining + " remaining"); if (remaining == 0) { mutex.notify(); } } } 1. ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url); 2. connection = factory.createConnection(); ActiveMQConnectionFactory factory = new ActiveMQConnectionFactory(url); connection = factory.createConnection();
1. session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE); session = connection.createSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);
1. topic = session.createTopic("topictest.messages"); 2. control = session.createTopic("topictest.control"); topic = session.createTopic("topictest.messages"); control = session.createTopic("topictest.control");1. publisher = session.createProducer(topic); 2. publisher.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);//非持久化模式 3. 4. session.createConsumer(control).setMessageListener(this);//加入监听 5. connection.start(); publisher = session.createProducer(topic); publisher.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);//非持久化模式 session.createConsumer(control).setMessageListener(this);//加入监听 connection.start();
1. for (int i = 0; i < batch; i++) { 2. if (i > 0) { 3. Thread.sleep(delay * 1000); 4. } 5. times[i] = batch(messages); 6. System.out.println("Batch " + (i + 1) + " of " + batch + " completed in " + times[i] + " ms."); 7. } for (int i = 0; i < batch; i++) { if (i > 0) { Thread.sleep(delay * 1000); } times[i] = batch(messages); System.out.println("Batch " + (i + 1) + " of " + batch + " completed in " + times[i] + " ms."); } 1. private long batch(int msgCount) throws Exception { 2. long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 3. remaining = subscribers; 4. publish(); 5. waitForCompletion(); 6. return System.currentTimeMillis() - start; 7. } private long batch(int msgCount) throws Exception { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); remaining = subscribers; publish(); waitForCompletion(); return System.currentTimeMillis() - start; } 1. private void publish() throws Exception { 2. 3. // send events 4. BytesMessage msg = session.createBytesMessage(); 5. msg.writeBytes(payload); 6. for (int i = 0; i < messages; i++) { 7. publisher.send(msg); 8. if ((i + 1) % 1000 == 0) { 9. System.out.println("Sent " + (i + 1) + " messages"); 10. } 11. } 12. 13. // request report 14. publisher.send(session.createTextMessage("REPORT")); 15. } private void publish() throws Exception { // send events BytesMessage msg = session.createBytesMessage(); msg.writeBytes(payload); for (int i = 0; i < messages; i++) { publisher.send(msg); if ((i + 1) % 1000 == 0) { System.out.println("Sent " + (i + 1) + " messages"); } } // request report publisher.send(session.createTextMessage("REPORT")); } 1. private void waitForCompletion() throws Exception { 2. System.out.println("Waiting for completion..."); 3. synchronized (mutex) { 4. while (remaining > 0) { 5. mutex.wait();//赌赛线程 6. } 7. } 8. } private void waitForCompletion() throws Exception { System.out.println("Waiting for completion..."); synchronized (mutex) { while (remaining > 0) { mutex.wait();//赌赛线程 } } } 1. public void onMessage(Message message) { 2. synchronized (mutex) { 3. System.out.println("Received report " + getReport(message) + " " + --remaining + " remaining"); 4. if (remaining == 0) { 5. mutex.notify();//唤醒线程 6. } 7. } 8. } public void onMessage(Message message) { synchronized (mutex) { System.out.println("Received report " + getReport(message) + " " + --remaining + " remaining"); if (remaining == 0) { mutex.notify();//唤醒线程 } } }