pyopengl网络游戏应用
?
?? ? 这个游戏很简单，可以操纵的飞机不断发子弹，前面不断有敌机来袭，子弹打中敌机然后敌机和子弹消失，最后实现了网络互联功能，允许两个人在局域网中不同机器上操作各自的飞机，平且两个游戏界面是同步的。
我这样设计的：自己维护一个飞机，子弹队列，敌机队列，将网络来的数据打包成另一个飞机，子弹队列，敌机队列，所以这里面传送的数据有自己飞机数据，子弹队列，敌机队列，这些数据通过TCP在服务器和客户端之间不断更新，传递。
?? ? 图形用opengl渲染，由于python不能直接访问指针，通过网络只能传递字符串型，所以传送二进制数据有点问题，自己写了对函数，用于字符串和二进制数的转换，每个数由长度为4的字符串组成，索引高的为数据高位，最高位为符号位，所以只能保存-1600万到1600万之间的数，对于视频游戏这个范围足矣，但有个缺陷，不知道怎么传浮点数，所以需要浮点数的地方先*1000，传送后除以1000得到浮点数。
?? ? 为了更像网络游戏，跟CS一样能自动搜索局域网中的服务器，实现了一个较简单实用的方法，大致是这样的：服务器启动后开放一个udp端口udpport，客户端向局域网中所有机器udpport发送验证信息，建立一个临时TCP端口tcpport0，当服务器端客户验证通过后向刚才的客户机tcpport0发送欢迎信息，这样客户机就得到了服务器的ip地址（还可同时进行一些必要的初始化），到此客户端便开始正式通过tcp与服务器交换游戏信息。
?
pyOpengl安装方法：http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/documentation/installation.html
?
游戏代码：
?
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-import sys,structimport random,math,thread,time,socket,string,retry: from OpenGL.GLUT import * from OpenGL.GL import * from OpenGL.GLU import *except: print '''ERROR: PyOpenGL not installed properly. ''' sys.exit()x_coord=10y_coord=10isAserver=False #True为服务端，False为客户端#数值统统为4个字节，最高位为符号位，1600万足矣,低字节为低位def westicenumtostring(num): tempnum=abs(num) tempnum=int(tempnum) s='' i=0 while tempnum>0: s=s+chr(tempnum%256) tempnum=int(tempnum/256) i+=1 while len(s)<3:#补齐3位 s=s+chr(0) if num<0: s=s+chr(1) else:#0和正数最高位为0 s=s+chr(0) return sdef westicestringtonum(s): if len(s)!=4: print 'len(s) must be 4' return None n0=ord(s[0]) n1=ord(s[1]) n2=ord(s[2]) n3=ord(s[3]) num=n0+256*n1+256*256*n2 if n3==1:#负数 num=(-num) if n3!=0 and n3!=1: return "wrong string when convert ro number" return numdef drawenemy(x,y): #画敌人形象 glLoadIdentity() glTranslate(x,y,0.0) glScale(0.2,0.2,0.2) glBegin(GL_POLYGON) glVertex3f(1.0,1.0,0) glVertex3f(1.0,-1.0,0) glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,-1.0,0) glVertex3f(-1.0,1.0,0) glEnd()def drawbullet(x,y):#画子弹形象 glLoadIdentity() glTranslate(x,y,0.0) glScale(0.1,0.1,0.1) glBegin(GL_POLYGON) glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0) glVertex3f(0.5,1.0,0) glVertex3f(0.5,-1.0,0) glVertex3f(-0.5,-1.0,0) glVertex3f(-0.5,1.0,0) glEnd()def drawpalne(x,y,rquad):#画玩家飞机形象 glLoadIdentity() glTranslate(x,y,0.0) glRotatef(rquad,0.0,1.0,0.0) # Rotate glScale(0.5,0.5,0.5) glBegin(GL_POLYGON) # Start drawing glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0) glVertex3f(1.0,0.0,0.0) glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0) glVertex3f(-1.0,0.0,0.0) glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0) glVertex3f(0.0,3.0,0.0) glEnd() # We are done with the polygon glBegin(GL_POLYGON) glVertex3f(0.0,0.0,0) glVertex3f(0.0,3.0,0) glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0) glVertex3f(0.0,0.5,0.5) glEnd() class Enemy(): #定义敌人 def __init__(self): self.reset() def update(self): if self.live: self.y-=0.01 self.draw() if self.y<0: self.live=False def setxy(self,x,y): self.x=x self.y=y def draw(self): drawenemy(self.x,self.y) def reset(self): self.x=x_coord*random.random() self.y=y_coord self.live=True #活着状态 class Bullet():#定义子弹 def __init__(self,x,y): self.reset(x,y) self.live=False def update(self): if self.live: self.y+=0.05 self.draw() if self.y>y_coord: self.live=False def draw(self): drawbullet(self.x,self.y) def reset(self,x,y): self.x=x self.y=y self.live=Trueclass Plane(): def __init__(self,x,y): self.x=x self.y=y self.rquad=0 def update(self): self.draw() if self.rquad<0: self.rquad+=1.0 if self.rquad>0: self.rquad-=1.0 def draw(self): drawpalne(self.x,self.y,self.rquad) def left(self): self.x-=0.1 if self.rquad>-40:#限制 self.rquad-=3 def right(self): self.x+=0.1 if self.rquad<40: self.rquad+=3 westiceplane=Nonemyenemylist=Nonebulletlist=Noneotherplane=Noneotherenemylist=Noneotherbulletlist=Noneframeobj=None#网络用帧class netframe(): def __init__(self,player,mybulletlist,enemylist): self.player=player self.mybulletlist=mybulletlist self.enemylist=enemylist def senddata(self,conn): global isconnected senddata='' senddata+=westicenumtostring(self.player.x*1000) senddata+=westicenumtostring(self.player.y*1000) senddata+=westicenumtostring(self.player.rquad*1000)#自己的位置 senddata+=westicenumtostring(len(self.mybulletlist))#子弹个数 for bullet in self.mybulletlist: senddata+=westicenumtostring(bullet.x*1000) senddata+=westicenumtostring(bullet.y*1000)#子弹位置 senddata+=westicenumtostring(len(self.enemylist))#敌人个数 for enemy in self.enemylist: senddata+=westicenumtostring(enemy.x*1000) senddata+=westicenumtostring(enemy.y*1000)#敌人位置 if isconnected: try: conn.send(senddata) except socket.error: isconnected=False #conn.sendall(senddata) #接收数据 def recvdata(self,conn): global otherplane global otherenemylist global otherbulletlist global isconnected if isconnected: try: recvdata=conn.recv(4) otherplanex=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 recvdata=conn.recv(4) otherplaney=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 otherplane=Plane(otherplanex,otherplaney) recvdata=conn.recv(4) otherplane.rquad=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 recvdata=conn.recv(4)#接收子弹数据 bulletnum=westicestringtonum(recvdata) otherbulletlist=[] for i in range(bulletnum): recvdata=conn.recv(4) bulletx=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 recvdata=conn.recv(4) bullety=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 bullet=Bullet(bulletx,bullety) bullet.live=True otherbulletlist.append(bullet) recvdata=conn.recv(4) enemynum=westicestringtonum(recvdata) otherenemylist=[] for i in range(enemynum): recvdata=conn.recv(4) enemyx=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 recvdata=conn.recv(4) enemyy=westicestringtonum(recvdata)/1000.0 enemy=Enemy() enemy.setxy(enemyx,enemyy) otherenemylist.append(enemy) except socket.error: isconnected=False #游戏服务器port=8088 #主数据通道conn=None#socket连接对象，可能是服务器或客户端serverUDPport=9090 clientTCPport=9091 isconnected=Falseclass GameServer(): def __init__(self): print '初始化游戏服务器' global conn global otherplane global otherenemylist global otherbulletlist global frameobj global isconnected global serverUDPport global clientTCPport #服务器接收客户UDP报文，如果验证通过向客户发送TCP回应 UDPsock0=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) UDPsock0.bind(("",serverUDPport)) #还需验证客户端,用udp recvstring,clientaddr=UDPsock0.recvfrom(1024) if recvstring=="west": print "服务器收到验证from ",clientaddr[0] UDPsock0.close() #服务器发送tcp回应 tempconn=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) tempconn.connect((clientaddr[0],clientTCPport)) tempconn.send("sure") tempconn.close() #创建TCP服务器 TCPsock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) TCPsock.bind(('',port)) TCPsock.listen(5) conn,clientaddr=TCPsock.accept() print "来自客户端：",clientaddr isconnected=True while isconnected: #服务端循环，先发后收 frameobj.senddata(conn) time.sleep(0.02) frameobj.recvdata(conn) conn.close() #游戏客户端class GameClient(): def __init__(self): print '初始化游戏客户端' global conn global frameobj global isconnected global serverUDPport global clientTCPport self.lanserverip=None #搜索服务器，向局域网内发送udp数据 ip=socket.gethostbyname(socket.gethostname()) match_str="\d+\.\d+\.\d+\." ipheader=re.match(match_str,ip) ipheader=ipheader.group() UDPsock0=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM) for i in range(1,256): self.lanserverip=ipheader+str(i) UDPsock0.sendto("west",(self.lanserverip,serverUDPport)) UDPsock0.close() #客户端建立tcp服务器 接收服务器ip和其它信息，之后断开，连接服务器的tcp TCPsock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) TCPsock.bind(('',clientTCPport)) TCPsock.listen(5) tempconn,serveraddr=TCPsock.accept() hellomsg=tempconn.recv(4) tempconn.close() self.lanserverip=serveraddr[0] print "服务器为：",self.lanserverip print "服务器信息：",hellomsg #连接tcp服务器发送数据 conn=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) conn.connect((self.lanserverip,port)) isconnected=True while isconnected:#客户端循环，先收后发 frameobj.recvdata(conn) frameobj.senddata(conn) time.sleep(0.02) conn.close()def threadfunc():#线程函数 global isAserver if isAserver: gameserver=GameServer() else: gameclient=GameClient()def GameInit(): global x_coord global y_coord global westiceplane global myenemylist global mybulletlist global frameobj westiceplane=Plane(x_coord/2,1)#加入飞机 myenemylist=[] for i in range(4): #加入敌人 westiceenemy=Enemy() myenemylist.append(westiceenemy) mybulletlist=[] for i in range(20): mywesticebullet=Bullet(westiceplane.x,westiceplane.y) mybulletlist.append(mywesticebullet) #新建一个线程处理网络 thread.start_new_thread(threadfunc,()) frameobj=netframe(westiceplane,mybulletlist,myenemylist) def init(): glClearColor(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.0) glClearDepth(1.0) # Enables Clearing Of The Depth Buffer glDepthFunc(GL_LESS) # The Type Of Depth Test To Do glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) # Enables Depth Testing glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) # Enables Smooth Color Shadingdef calcdistance(object0,object1): return math.sqrt(pow(object0.x-object1.x,2)+pow(object0.y-object1.y,2))count=0def display(): #print 'display' glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) westiceplane.update() for enemy in myenemylist: enemy.update() if not enemy.live: enemy.reset() for bullet in mybulletlist: if calcdistance(bullet,enemy)<=0.2:#是否相遇 bullet.live=False enemy.live=False #自动发射子弹 global count if count>=15: count=0 for bullet in mybulletlist: if not bullet.live: bullet.reset(westiceplane.x,westiceplane.y+1)#激活一颗 break for bullet in mybulletlist: bullet.update() count+=1 #显示网络来的数据 global otherplane global otherenemylist global otherbulletlist if isconnected and otherplane: otherplane.draw() if isconnected and otherbulletlist and otherenemylist and otherplane: otherplane.draw() for myenemy in myenemylist: for otherbullet in otherbulletlist: if calcdistance(otherbullet,myenemy)<=0.2:#是否相遇 otherbullet.live=False myenemy.live=False for otherenemy in otherenemylist: if otherenemy.live: otherenemy.draw() for otherbullet in otherbulletlist: if otherbullet.live: otherbullet.draw() glutSwapBuffers() #glFlush()def reshape(w,h): print 'reshape' glViewport(0,0,w,h) glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) glLoadIdentity() print 'w:',w,' h:',h if w!=0 and h!=0: global x_coord global y_coord if(w<=h): gluOrtho2D(0.0,x_coord,0.0,x_coord*h/w) else: gluOrtho2D(0.0,x_coord*w/h,0.0,x_coord) glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)def keyboard(key,x,y):# if key==chr(27):# sys.exit(0) if key=='a'or key=='A': westiceplane.left() if key=='d'or key=='D': westiceplane.right()GameInit()glutInit(sys.argv)glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH) #使用双缓冲和深度测试glutInitWindowSize(600,500) glutInitWindowPosition(100,100)if isAserver: glutCreateWindow('Game Server')else: glutCreateWindow('Game Client')init()glutReshapeFunc(reshape)glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard)glutDisplayFunc(display)glutIdleFunc(display)glutMainLoop()??