Java多线程中join方法的理解
thread.Join把指定的线程加入到当前线程,可以将两个交替执行的线程合并为顺序执行的线程。比如在线程B中调用了线程A的Join()方法,直到线程A执行完毕后,才会继续执行线程B。
t.join();????? //使调用线程 t 在此之前执行完毕。
t.join(1000);? //等待 t 线程,等待时间是1000毫秒
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先上一段JDK中代码:
/** * Waits at most <code>millis</code> milliseconds for this thread to * die. A timeout of <code>0</code> means to wait forever. *///此处A timeout of 0 means to wait forever 字面意思是永远等待,其实是等到t结束后。public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {long base = System.currentTimeMillis();long now = 0;if (millis < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");}if (millis == 0) {while (isAlive()) {wait(0);}} else {while (isAlive()) {long delay = millis - now;if (delay <= 0) {break;}wait(delay);now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;}} }?从代码上看,如果线程被生成了,但还未被起动,调用它的join()方法是没有作用的,将直接继续向下执行
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Join方法实现是通过wait(小提示:Object 提供的方法)。 当main线程调用t.join时候,main线程会获得线程对象t的锁(wait 意味着拿到该对象的锁),调用该对象的wait(等待时间),直到该对象唤醒main线程,比如退出后。这就意味着main 线程调用t.join时,必须能够拿到线程t对象的锁
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Example1:
public class JoinTest implements Runnable{public static int a = 0;public void run() {for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {a = a + 1;}}public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Runnable r = new JoinTest();Thread t = new Thread(r);t.start();System.out.println(a);}}?请问程序的输出结果是5吗?答案是:有可能。其实你很难遇到输出5的时候,通常情况下都不是5。当然这也和机器有严重的关系。为什么呢?我的解释是当主线程main方法执行System.out.println(a);这条语句时,线程还没有真正开始运行,或许正在为它分配资源准备运行。因为为线程分配资源需要时间,而main方法执行完t.start()方法后继续往下执行System.out.println(a);,这个时候得到的结果是a还没有被改变的值0。怎样才能让输出结果为5!其实很简单,join() 方法提供了这种功能。join() 方法,它能够使调用该方法的线程在此之前执行完毕。
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Runnable r = new JoinTest();Thread t = new Thread(r);t.start();t.join(); //加入join()System.out.println(a);}?这个时候,程序输入结果始终为5。
为了证明如果不使用t.join()方法,主线程main方法的System.out.println(a);语句将抢先执行,我们可以在main方法中加入一个循环,这个循环用来延长main方法执行的时间,循环次数将严重取决于机器性能。如果循环次数得当,我们也可以看到a的输出结果是5。
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {Runnable r = new JoinTest();Thread t = new Thread(r);t.start();//t.join(); //加入join()/* 注意循环体内一定要有实际执行语句,否则编译器或JVM可能优化掉你的这段代码,视这段代 码为无效。 */for (int i=0; i<300; i++) {System.out.print(i);}System.out.println();System.out.println(a);}?经自己测试,最后a一直是5.
本例参考:http://agio.iteye.com/blog/210600
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Example2:join(n)
class RunnableImpl implements Runnable { public void run() { try { System.out.println("Begin sleep"); Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println("End sleep"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}?public class JoinTest{public static void main(String[] args) { Thread t = new Thread(new RunnableImpl()); t.start(); try { t.join(1000); System.out.println("joinFinish"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}结果是:
Begin sleep
End sleep
joinFinish
明白了吧,当main线程调用t.join时,main线程等待t线程,等待时间是1000,如果t线程Sleep 2000呢
class RunnableImpl implements Runnable { public void run() { try { System.out.println("Begin sleep"); Thread.sleep(2000); //原来为1000 System.out.println("End sleep"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}结果是:
Begin sleep
joinFinish
End sleep
也就是说main线程只等1000毫秒,不管T什么时候结束.
参考:http://blog.csdn.net/FG2006/archive/2011/05/04/6393768.aspx
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Example3:
class CustomThread1 extends Thread { public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(threadName + " loop at " + i); Thread.sleep(1000); } System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } class CustomThread extends Thread { CustomThread1 t1; public CustomThread(CustomThread1 t1) { this.t1 = t1; } public void run() { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); try { t1.join(); System.out.println(threadName + " end."); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from " + threadName + ".run"); } } } public class JoinTestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1(); CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1); try { t1.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); t.start(); t.join(); //在代碼2里,將此處注釋掉 } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } } ?结果:
main start.??? //main方法所在的线程起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t.join();,所以要等到t结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread start.???? //线程CustomThread1起动
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0? //线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1? //线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread] Thread start.????? //线程CustomThread起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t1.join();,所以要等到t1结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread end.?????? //线程CustomThread1结束了
[CustomThread] Thread end.??????? // 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
main end!????? //线程CustomThread结束,此线程在t.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果。
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将上例中的join注释掉:
public class JoinTestDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName(); System.out.println(threadName + " start."); CustomThread1 t1 = new CustomThread1(); CustomThread t = new CustomThread(t1); try { t1.start(); Thread.sleep(2000); t.start(); //t.join(); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception from main"); } System.out.println(threadName + " end!"); } } ?结果:
main start. // main方法所在的线程起动,但没有马上结束,这里并不是因为join方法,而是因为Thread.sleep(2000);
[CustomThread1] Thread start.????? //线程CustomThread1起动
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 0?? //线程CustomThread1执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 1?? //线程CustomThread1执行
main end!?? // Thread.sleep(2000);结束,虽然在线程CustomThread执行了t1.join();,但这并不会影响到其他线程(这里main方法所在的线程)。
[CustomThread] Thread start.?????? //线程CustomThread起动,但没有马上结束,因为调用t1.join();,所以要等到t1结束了,此线程才能向下执行。
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 2?? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 3?? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread loop at 4?? //线程CustomThread1继续执行
[CustomThread1] Thread end.?????? //线程CustomThread1结束了
[CustomThread] Thread end.??????? // 线程CustomThread在t1.join();阻塞处起动,向下继续执行的结果
本例参考:http://blog.csdn.net/bzwm/archive/2009/02/12/3881392.aspx
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Example4:
main 线程调用t.join时,必须能够拿到线程t对象的锁,如果拿不到它是无法wait的,刚开的例子t.join(1000)不是说明了main线程等待1秒,如果在它等待之前,其他线程获取了t对象的锁,它等待时间可不就是1毫秒了。
class RunnableImpl implements Runnable { public void run() { try { System.out.println("Begin sleep"); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println("End sleep"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}?class ThreadTest extends Thread { Thread thread; public ThreadTest(Thread thread) { this.thread = thread; } @Override public void run() { synchronized (thread) { System.out.println("getObjectLock"); try { Thread.sleep(9000); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("ReleaseObjectLock"); } }}?public class JoinTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread t = new Thread(new RunnableImpl()); new ThreadTest(t).start(); t.start(); try { t.join(); System.out.println("joinFinish"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}?结果:
getObjectLock
Begin sleep
End sleep
ReleaseObjectLock
joinFinish
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在main方法中 通过new?ThreadTest(t).start()实例化ThreadTest 线程对象, 它通过 synchronized?(thread),获取线程对象t的锁,并Sleep(9000)后释放,这就意味着,即使main方法t.join(1000)等待一秒钟,它必须等待ThreadTest 线程释放t锁后才能进入wait方法中,它实际等待时间是9000+1000ms。
例子参考Example2来源.