log4j配备(二)

2012-10-31

log4j配置(二)今天弄mondrian时才注意log4j.xml，原来一直使用log4j.properties，发现它比properties功能强

log4j配置(二)

今天弄mondrian时才注意log4j.xml，原来一直使用log4j.properties，发现它比properties功能强大，可以配置输出多个log文件。
转一个基本的配置：

log4j 有两种配置方法，大家熟知的是properties文件但是最近的项目实施中，每次去用户那里装系统，都要苦恼于log文件放在不同位置，要改property文件就要重打jar包，麻烦的紧。而如果采用xml配置的方法，直接放在WEB-INFO下，要修改路径，很方便。查了些资料，终于把系统的log4j改成在xml中配置啦。
记一下记一下……嘿嘿
附：log4j的API http://logging.apache.org/log4j/docs/api/index.html
log4i.xml 文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
?<appender name="FILE"
??value="D:/zhaotj/all.output.log" />
??<param name="Append" value="true" />
??<param name="MaxBackupIndex" value="10" />
??<layout value="%p (%c:%L)- %m%n" />
??</layout>
?</appender>

?<appender name="STDOUT" />
??</layout>
??????????????? 
??<filter value="info" />
???<param name="levelMax" value="info" />
???<param name="AcceptOnMatch" value="true" />
??</filter>
?</appender>

?<root>
??<priority value="info" />
??<appender-ref ref="FILE" />
??<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
?</root>

</log4j:configuration>
建好xml文件后要写一个servlet类继承actionservlet，当工程初始化时自动加载xml配置文件
package com.asiainfo;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;

public class ExtendedActionServlet extends ActionServlet {
??????? private Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass().getName());

??????? public ExtendedActionServlet() {}

??????? public void init() throws ServletException {
??????????? log.info(
??????????????????? "Initializing, My MyActionServlet init this System's Const Variable");
??????????? String prefix = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext().getRealPath(
??????????????????? "/");//读取项目的路径
??????????? String file = this.getServletConfig().getInitParameter("log4j");
?????????????????????? //读取log4j相对路径
??????????? String filePath = prefix + file;
??????????? DOMConfigurator.configure(filePath);//加载.xml文件??????
??????????? log.info("Initializing, end My Init");
??????????? super.init();//应用了struts,此方法不能省，ActionServlet覆盖了的此方法中有很多重要操作
??????? }
}
我们可以看到在此类中用了相对路径来加载xml的方法，首先通过prefix 读取了项目的路径然后再通过读取web.xml中的log4j变量，获得log4j.xml的相对路径两者结合就是他的绝对路径拉
最后在web.xml中配置action信息就可以实现加载啦
web.xml
????? <servlet>
??<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
??<servlet-class>
???com.asiainfo.ExtendedActionServlet
??</servlet-class>
??<init-param>
???<param-name>config</param-name>
???<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
??</init-param>

??
??<init-param>
???<param-name>config/tsextend</param-name>
???<param-value>
????/WEB-INF/tsextend/struts-config.xml
???</param-value>
??</init-param>
??????????????? <init-param>
???<param-name>log4j</param-name>
???<param-value>
????/WEB-INF/log4j.xml
???</param-value>
??</init-param>
??<init-param>
???<param-name>info</param-name>
???<param-value>3</param-value>
??</init-param>
??<init-param>
???<param-name>detail</param-name>
???<param-value>3</param-value>
??</init-param>
??<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
?</servlet>

?<servlet-mapping>
??<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
??<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
?</servlet-mapping>

依据各个级别的日志输出到不同文件

log4j支持这个功能，不过不能再使用Properties配置，必须使用XML

建一个log4j.xml
<?xml ? version= "1.0 " ? encoding= "UTF-8 "?>
<!DOCTYPE ? log4j:configuration ? SYSTEM ? "log4j.dtd ">
<log4j:configuration ? xmlns:log4j= "http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/ ">
<appender ? name= "STDOUT " ? class= "org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender ">
<layout ? class= "org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout "/>
</appender>
<appender ? name= "DEBUG " ? class= "org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender ">
<param ? name= "File " ? value= "debug.log "/>
<param ? name= "Append " ? value= "true "/>
<param ? name= "MaxFileSize " ? value= "500KB "/>
<param ? name= "MaxBackupIndex " ? value= "2 "/>
<layout ? class= "org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout "/>
<filter ? class= "org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter ">
<param ? name= "LevelMax " ? value= "DEBUG " ? />
<param ? name= "LevelMin " ? value= "DEBUG " ? />
</filter>
</appender>
<appender ? name= "INFO " ? class= "org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender ">
<param ? name= "File " ? value= "info.log "/>
<param ? name= "Append " ? value= "true "/>
<param ? name= "MaxFileSize " ? value= "500KB "/>
<param ? name= "MaxBackupIndex " ? value= "2 "/>
<layout ? class= "org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout "/>
<filter ? class= "org.apache.log4j.varia.LevelRangeFilter ">
<param ? name= "LevelMax " ? value= "INFO " ? />
<param ? name= "LevelMin " ? value= "INFO " ? />
</filter>
</appender>
<root>
<appender-ref ? ref= "STDOUT "/>
<appender-ref ? ref= "DEBUG "/>
<appender-ref ? ref= "INFO "/>
</root>
</log4j:configuration>

代码中DOMConfigurator.configure( "log4j.xml ");

这样就可以在log.debug和log.info时分别打印到不同文件中，如果你还需要更多的文件，可以复制多几次appender就可以了

[二]:

一,Log4J配置文件的学习?
二,Log4J数据库?
三,Log4J封装?
一,Log4J配置文件学习:?
Log4j支持两种配置文件格式,一种是XML格式的文件,一种是Java特性文件(键=值).
下面我们首先介绍使用Java特性文件做为配置文件的方法:?
分析一个配置文件log4j.properties?
log4j.rootCategory=debug, stdout, R?
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender?
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
# Pattern to output the caller's file name and line number.?
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n??
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log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender?
log4j.appender.R.File=example.log?
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=100KB?
# Keep one backup file?
log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=1?
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%p %t %c - %m%n?
说明:?
①log4j.rootCategory = [ level ] , appenderName, appenderName,?
其中,level 是日志记录的优先级,分为OFF,FATAL,ERROR,WA R N,INFO,DEBUG,
ALL或者您定义的级别.Log4j建议只使用四个级别,优先级从高到低分别是ERROR,
WA R N,INFO,DEBUG.通过在这里定义的级别,您可以控制到应用程序中相应级别的日
志信息的开关.比如在这里定义了INFO级别,则应用程序中所有DEBUG级别的日志信息
将不被打印出来.appenderName就是指定日志信息输出到哪个地方.您可以同时指定多个
输出目的地.?? bbs.bitsCN.com国内最早的网管论坛
②配置日志信息输出目的地Appender,其语法为?
log4j.appender.appenderName = fully.qualified.name.of.appender.class?
log4j.appender.appenderName.option1 = value1?

log4j.appender.appenderName.option = valueN?
其中,Log4j提供的appender有以下几种:?
org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender(控制台),?
org.apache.log4j.FileAppender(文件),?
org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender(每天产生一个日志文件),
org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender(文件大小到达指定尺寸的时候产生一个新的文件),?
org.apache.log4j.WriterAppender(将日志信息以流格式发送到任意指定的地方)?
③配置日志信息的格式(布局),其语法为:?
log4j.appender.appenderName.layout = fully.qualified.name.of.layout.class?
log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.option1 = value1?

log4j.appender.appenderName.layout.option = valueN?
其中,Log4j提供的layout有以下几种:?? play.bitsCN.com累了吗玩一下吧
org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout(以HTML表格形式布局),?
org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout(可以灵活地指定布局模式),?
org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout(包含日志信息的级别和信息字符串),?
org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout(包含日志产生的时间,线程,类别等等信息)?
④Log4J采用类似C语言中的printf函数的打印格式格式化日志信息,打印参数如下:?
%m 输出代码中指定的消息?
%p 输出优先级,即DEBUG,INFO,WA R N,ERROR,FATAL?
%r 输出自应用启动到输出该log信息耗费的毫秒数?
%c 输出所属的类目,通常就是所在类的全名?
%t 输出产生该日志事件的线程名?
%n 输出一个回车换行符,Windows平台为"\r\n",Unix平台为"\n"?
%d 输出日志时间点的日期或时间,默认格式为ISO8601,也可以在其后指定格式,?
比如:%d{yyy MMM dd HH:mm:ss,SSS},输出类似:2002年10月18日 22:10:28,921?
%l 输出日志事件的发生位置,包括类目名,发生的线程,以及在代码中的行数.??
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对上面log4j.properties配置文件的一个应用;?
?

?package log4j;?
import org.apache.log4j.*;?
// How to use log4j?
public class TestLogging {?
// Initialize a logging category. Here, we get THE ROOT CATEGORY?
//static Category cat = Category.getRoot();?
// Or, get a custom category?
static Category cat = Category.getInstance(TestLogging.class.getName());?
// From here on, log away! Methods are: cat.debug(your_message_string),?
// cat.info(...), cat.warn(...), cat.error(...), cat.fatal(...)?
public static void main(String args[]) {?
// Try a few logging methods??
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PropertyConfigurator.configure ( "log4j.properties" ) ;?
cat.debug("Start of main()");?
cat.info("Just testing a log message with priority set to INFO");?
cat.warn("Just testing a log message with priority set to WARN");?
cat.error("Just testing a log message with priority set to ERROR");?
cat.fatal("Just testing a log message with priority set to FATAL");?
// Alternate but INCONVENIENT form?
cat.log(Priority.DEBUG, "Calling init()");?
new TestLogging().init();?
}?
public void init() {?
java.util.Properties prop = System.getProperties();?
java.util.Enumeration enum = prop.propertyNames();?? 需要什么来搜一搜吧so.bitsCN.com
cat.info("***System Environment As Seen By Java***");?
cat.debug("***Format: PROPERTY = VALUE***");?
while (enum.hasMoreElements()) {?
String key = (String) enum.nextElement();?
cat.info(key + " = " + System.getProperty(key));?
}?
}?
}?
xml格式的log4j配置文件概述?
xml格式的log4j配置文件需要使用org.apache.log4j.html.DOMConfigurator.configure()方法来
读入.对xml文件的语法定义可以在log4j的发布包中找到:org/apache/log4j/xml/log4j.dtd.?
Xml的一个配置文件:sample1.xml?
说明:?
①xml配置文件的头部包括两个部分:xml声明和dtd声明.头部的格式如下:?

②log4j:configuration (root element)?
xmlns:log4j [#FIXED attribute]: 定义log4j的名字空间,取定值"http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/"?
appender [* child] : 一个appender子元素定义一个日志输出目的地??
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logger [* child] : 一个logger子元素定义一个日志写出器?
root [ child] : root子元素定义了root logger?
源代码:?
package exampleslog4j.xml;?
import org.apache.log4j.xml.DOMConfigurator;?
import org.apache.log4j.Category;?
import java.net.*;?
public class XMLSample {?
static Category cat = Category.getInstance(XMLSample.class.getName());?
public?
static?
void main(String argv[]) {?
if(argv.length == 1)?
init(argv[0]);?
else?
Usage("Wrong number of arguments.");?
sample();?
}?
static?
void Usage(String msg) {?
System.err.println(msg);?
System.err.println( "Usage: java " + XMLSample.class.getName() +?? bitsCN.com中国网管联盟
"configFile");?
System.exit(1);?
}?
static?
void init(String configFile) {?
DOMConfigurator.configure(configFile);?
}?
static?
void sample() {?
int i = -1;?
Category root = Category.getRoot();?
cat.debug("Message " + ++i);?
cat.warn ("Message " + ++i);?
cat.error("Message " + ++i);?
Exception e = new Exception("Just testing");?
cat.debug("Message " + ++i, e);?
}?
}?
执行后的效果:?
2004-05-24 22:07:28,352 DEBUG [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:55) - Message 0?
2004-05-24 22:07:28,352 WARN [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:56) - Message 1??
24 22:07:28,362 ERROR [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:57) - Message 2?
2004-05-24 22:07:28,362 DEBUG [main] xml.XMLSample (XMLSample.java:59) - Message 3?
java.lang.Exception: Just testing?
at exampleslog4j.xml.XMLSample.sample(XMLSample.java:58)?
at exampleslog4j.xml.XMLSample.main(XMLSample.java:36)?
二,Log4J对数据库的操作:?
其目的就是把日志信息写入数据库以方便开发人员和测试人员查询.?
下面是写入数据库的配置文件:log4j.properties?
log4j.appender.DATABASE=org.apache.log4j.jdbc.JDBCAppender?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.URL=jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.0.1:1521:siemen?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.driver= oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.user=system??

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log4j.appender.DATABASE.password=css12345?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.sql=INSERT INTO LOG4J (Message) VALUES ('[framework] %d?
- %c -%-4r [%t] %-5p %c %x - %m%n')?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
log4j.appender.DATABASE.layout.ConversionPattern=[framework] %d - %c -%-4r [%t]?
%-5p %c %x - %m%n?
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender?
log4j.appender.A1.File=SampleMessages.log4j?
log4j.appender.A1.DatePattern=yyyyMMdd-HH'.log4j'?
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.xml.XMLLayout?
对其应用的源文件:?
package database.servlet;?
import java.io.File;?
import java.io.LineNumberReader;?
import java.io.FileReader;?
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;??

import java.io.IOException;?
import java.util.Vector;?
import java.sql.Driver;?
import java.sql.DriverManager;?
// import servlet packages?
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;?
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;?
import javax.servlet.ServletException;?
// import log4j packages?
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;?
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;?
public class SetupServlet extends HttpServlet{?
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException{?
super.init(config);?
// first thing to do, is to set up the Driver that we might be using?
// in case of JDBCAppender?? so.bitsCN.com网管资料库任你搜
try{?
//Driver d =(Driver)(Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver").newInstance());?
Driver d = (Driver)(Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance());?
DriverManager.registerDriver(d);?
//加载JDBC驱动程序,当准备将日志记录到数据库的时候可以使用?
}catch(Exception e){ System.err.println(e); }?
// next load up the properties?
//启动时从web.xml中获得配置文件的信息?
String props = config.getInitParameter("props");?
if(props == null || props.length() == 0 ||?
!(new File(props)).isFile()){?
System.err.println(?
"ERROR: Cannot read the configuration file. " +?
"Please check the path of the config init param in web.xml");?? bitsCN全力打造网管学习平台
throw new ServletException();?
}?
}?
public void destroy(){?
super.destroy();?
}?
}?
三,Log4J的封装:?
配置文件:log4j.properties?
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, A2, A1?
log4j.appender.A2=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender?
log4j.appender.A2.File=C:\develop\log\error.log?
log4j.appender.A2.Append=true?
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=10000KB?
log4j.appender.A2.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?

4 关于log4j的文章---粗略看了一遍，不错！?
?log4j.appender.A2.layout.ConversionPattern=[%-5p][%t] %d{yyyy-MM-dd?
HH:mm:ss,SSS} message:%m%n?
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender?
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout?
#Pattern to output the caller's file name and line number.??

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#log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] (%F:%L) - %m%n?
# Print the date in ISO 8601 format?
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p - %m%n?
EncapsulationLog4J.java //Log4j的实现类?
package com.cn.lx;?
/**?
*?
Title:?
*?
Description:?
*?
Copyright: Copyright ? 2004 lixiang?
*?
Company:http://www.css.com.cn/?
* @author lixiang?
* @version 1.0?
*/?
import org.apache.log4j.*;?
import java.io.*;?
import java.util.*;?
/**?
* @author Administrator?
*?
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to??

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* Window>Preferences>Java>Code Generation>Code and Comments?
*/?
public class EncapsulationLog4J?
{?
public static final String PROFILE = "log4j.properties";?
/**?
* Holds singleton instance?
*/?
private static EncapsulationLog4J impl;?
static?
{?
impl = new EncapsulationLog4J();?
}?
private Logger log4j;?
/**?
* prevents instantiation?
*/?
private EncapsulationLog4J()?
{?
log4j = LogManager.getLogger(EncapsulationLog4J.class);?
try?
{?
Properties pro = new Properties();?
InputStream is = getClass().getResourceAsStream(PROFILE);??

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pro.load(is);?
PropertyConfigurator.configure(pro);?
}?
catch(IOException e)?
{?
BasicConfigurator.configure();?
e.printStackTrace();?
}?
}?
public void log(String level,Object msg)?
{?
log(level,msg,null);?
}?
public void log(String level,Throwable e)?
{?
log(level,null,e);?
}?
public void log(String level,Object msg,java.lang.Throwable e)?
{?
if(log4j != null)?
{?
log4j.log((Priority)Level.toLevel(level),msg,e);?
}?
}?
/**?
* Singleton Pattern?
*/?
static public EncapsulationLog4J getInstance()?
{?
return impl;??
}?
}?

Log.java //记录Log使用类?
package com.cn.lx;?
/**?
*?
Title:?
*?
Description:?
*?
Copyright: Copyright ? 2004 lixiang?
*?
Company: http://www.css.com.cn/?
* @author lixiang?
* @version 1.0?
*/?
public class Log?
{?
private static EncapsulationLog4J log = EncapsulationLog4J.getInstance();?
/**?
*?
*/?
public Log()?
{?
//super();?
}?
public static void logError(String msg)?
{?
log.log("ERROR",msg);?
}?
public static void logError(Throwable e)?
{?? play.bitsCN.com累了吗玩一下吧
log.log("ERROR",null,e);?
}?
public static void logWarn(String msg)?
{?
log.log("WARN",msg);?
}?
public static void logWarn(Throwable e)?
{?
log.log("WARN",null,e);?
}?
public static void logInfo(String msg)?
{?
log.log("INFO",msg);?
}?
public static void logInfo(Throwable e)?
{?
log.log("INFO",null,e);?
}?
public static void logDebug(String msg)?
{?
log.log("DEBUG",msg);?
}?
public static void logDebug(Throwable e)?
{?
log.log("DEBUG",null,e);?
}?
}?
TestLog.java //调用Log类?
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public class TestLog{?
public static void main(String[] args) {?
Log test = new Log();?
test.logDebug("DEBUG");?
test.logInfo("INFO");?
test.logWarn("WARN");?
test.logError("ERROR");?
try?
{?
int i = Integer.parseInt("lixiang");?
}catch(Exception e)?
{?
test.logDebug(e.toString());?
test.logInfo(e.toString());?
test.logWarn(e.toString());?
test.logError(e.toString());?
}?
}?
}?
执行后的日志信息:?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,474 [main] DEBUG - DEBUG?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] INFO - INFO?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] WARN - WARN?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] ERROR - ERROR??

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2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] DEBUG - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:?
"lixiang"?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] INFO - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:?
"lixiang"?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] WARN - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:?
"lixiang"?
2004-05-26 21:16:16,484 [main] ERROR - java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string:?
"lixiang"?
注:使用此方法封装Log4j的操作,可以使记录日志变得更方便.唯一不足的是无法返回当

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log4j配备(二)