小弟我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占用情况

2012-07-26

我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占用情况我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占

我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占用情况
我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占用情况

本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/786427?? （转载请注明出处）

用途说明

du命令是用来查看磁盘空间占用情况的，在Linux系统维护时常会用到，并且通常与df命令搭配使用。首先使用df看一下各个磁盘分区的占用情况，如果某个分区的占用超过一定百分比（比如80%），就认为该分区应该清理一下了。如果不太确定从哪里下手清理，就可以使用du来统计一下各个目录的磁盘占用情况，找到磁盘占用大的目录。一般情况下，程序日志占用的空间会比较多，Web上传产生的临时文件，导出数据时生成的数据文件，还有就是数据库也会随着时间而不断增长。

常用参数

-s 显示总数量。

-h 显示的数量更好看些，比如用K/M/G表示大小。

--max-depth=N 统计的目录深度。当N=0时等同于-s，所以和--s参数不能同时出现。

-b 显示为字节数。

-k 显示为K字节数。

-m 显示为兆字节数。

使用示例示例一查看/var的磁盘使用情况

[root@jfht ~]# df
文件系统?????????????? 1K-块??????? 已用???? 可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
???????????????????? 966221844? 25612844 890736104?? 3% /
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1?????? 493891???? 16888??? 451504?? 4% /boot
tmpfs????????????????? 2074392???????? 0?? 2074392?? 0% /dev/shm
[root@jfht ~]# df /var
文件系统?????????????? 1K-块??????? 已用???? 可用已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
???????????????????? 966221844? 25612848 890736100?? 3% /
[root@jfht ~]# du /var
8?????? /var/games
8?????? /var/local
8?????? /var/spool/at/spool
24????? /var/spool/at
16????? /var/spool/cron
8?????? /var/spool/lpd
8?????? /var/spool/clientmqueue
8?????? /var/spool/repackage
8?????? /var/spool/vbox
8?????? /var/spool/mqueue
8?????? /var/spool/cups/tmp
16????? /var/spool/cups
52004?? /var/spool/mail
32????? /var/spool/anacron
52140?? /var/spool
8?????? /var/yp/binding
24????? /var/yp
8?????? /var/db/nscd
28????? /var/db
16????? /var/empty/sshd/etc
24????? /var/empty/sshd
32????? /var/empty
8?????? /var/ftp/pub
16????? /var/ftp
8?????? /var/tmp
8?????? /var/cvs
8?????? /var/gdm
8884??? /var/log/sa
12????? /var/log/pm
8?????? /var/log/conman
36????? /var/log/prelink
15880?? /var/log/audit
8?????? /var/log/gdm
8?????? /var/log/vbox
8?????? /var/log/ppp
8?????? /var/log/conman.old
8?????? /var/log/samba
20????? /var/log/setroubleshoot
20????? /var/log/cups
16????? /var/log/mail
744404? /var/log
8?????? /var/lock/lvm
8?????? /var/lock/dmraid
176???? /var/lock/subsys
204???? /var/lock
8?????? /var/crash
8?????? /var/nis
8?????? /var/run/netreport
8?????? /var/run/sudo
8?????? /var/run/wpa_supplicant
8?????? /var/run/pm
8?????? /var/run/mdmpd
8?????? /var/run/winbindd
8?????? /var/run/mdadm
8?????? /var/run/nscd
8?????? /var/run/ppp
12????? /var/run/dbus
12????? /var/run/setrans
20????? /var/run/avahi-daemon
12????? /var/run/screen/S-root
20????? /var/run/screen
12????? /var/run/setroubleshoot
16????? /var/run/cups/certs
28????? /var/run/cups
8?????? /var/run/NetworkManager
8?????? /var/run/saslauthd
8?????? /var/run/console
492???? /var/run
8?????? /var/preserve
8?????? /var/opt
8?????? /var/cache/logwatch
8?????? /var/cache/yum
8?????? /var/cache/coolkey
8?????? /var/cache/foomatic
8?????? /var/cache/alchemist
332???? /var/cache/fontconfig
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat6
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat4
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat6
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat4
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat3
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/catn
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat1
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat5
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat2
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat8
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat9
8?????? /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat7
88????? /var/cache/man/X11R6
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat6
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat4
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat3
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/catn
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat1
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat5
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat2
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat8
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat9
8?????? /var/cache/man/local/cat7
88????? /var/cache/man/local
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat3
8?????? /var/cache/man/catn
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat1
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat5
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat2
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat8
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat9
8?????? /var/cache/man/cat7
820???? /var/cache/man
8?????? /var/cache/samba/winbindd_privileged
16????? /var/cache/samba
8?????? /var/cache/cups
1224??? /var/cache
8?????? /var/racoon
8?????? /var/lib/dhclient
8?????? /var/lib/games
8?????? /var/lib/stateless/writable
16????? /var/lib/stateless
8?????? /var/lib/yum
8?????? /var/lib/multipath
33584?? /var/lib/rpm
8?????? /var/lib/bluetooth
8?????? /var/lib/dhcpv6
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/cs
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ca
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/kn
656???? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/TOC
124???? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/C
84????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/nl
88????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ru
88????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/zh_TW
92????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ko
80????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sr
648???? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/index
88????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/de
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/pl
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/no
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/vi
92????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sv
88????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ja
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sk
80????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/el
76????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ro
104???? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/es
96????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/it
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/tr
80????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/be
92????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/zh_CN
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/pt_BR
104???? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/uk
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sr@Latn
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sl
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/am
96????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/fr
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/hu
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/az
72????? /var/lib/scrollkeeper/da
3988??? /var/lib/scrollkeeper
2992??? /var/lib/mysql/iss
4944??? /var/lib/mysql/nss
896???? /var/lib/mysql/imx
1252??? /var/lib/mysql/mysql
8?????? /var/lib/mysql/test
164???? /var/lib/mysql/zjlt_sms
264???? /var/lib/mysql/xqt
2140??? /var/lib/mysql/mhr
596???? /var/lib/mysql/jforum
6408??? /var/lib/mysql/zjlt_mhr
48424?? /var/lib/mysql
24????? /var/lib/misc
8?????? /var/lib/ntp
1240??? /var/lib/sepolgen
8?????? /var/lib/hal
8?????? /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm.bak
8?????? /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm
32????? /var/lib/nfs/statd
8?????? /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/statd
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/portmap
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/nfs
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/mount
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/lockd
0?????? /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
64????? /var/lib/nfs
16????? /var/lib/xkb
16????? /var/lib/dbus
8?????? /var/lib/up2date
76????? /var/lib/setroubleshoot
3904??? /var/lib/mlocate
48????? /var/lib/alternatives
91496?? /var/lib
12????? /var/account
890164? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -s /var
890164? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sh /var
870M??? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sb /var
904353748?????? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sk /var
890168? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sm /var
870???? /var
[root@jfht ~]# du --max-depth=1 /var?? ?
8?????? /var/games
8?????? /var/local
52140?? /var/spool
24????? /var/yp
28????? /var/db
32????? /var/empty
16????? /var/ftp
8?????? /var/tmp
8?????? /var/cvs
8?????? /var/gdm
744416? /var/log
204???? /var/lock
8?????? /var/crash
8?????? /var/nis
492???? /var/run
8?????? /var/preserve
8?????? /var/opt
1224??? /var/cache
8?????? /var/racoon
91496?? /var/lib
12????? /var/account
890176? /var
[root@jfht ~]#

示例二确定哪个目录或文件占用的空间多些

[root@jfht /]# cd
[root@jfht ~]# du -s
4123196 .
[root@jfht ~]# du -s *
8?????? anaconda-ks.cfg
369704? bak181
4?????? do
4?????? done
4?????? echo
8?????? file1
8?????? file2
8?????? hlx
36????? install.log
8?????? install.log.syslog
8?????? job.sh
8?????? job.txt
8?????? ls.txt
1664??? mbox
20824?? mini
4?????? myfile
4?????? new.txt
2569496 setup
20036?? temp
8?????? touch_5.sh
152???? vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
12????? vsftpd.conf
8?????? while_4.sh
1141036 work191
[root@jfht ~]# du -s * | sort -n
4?????? do
4?????? done
4?????? echo
4?????? myfile
4?????? new.txt
8?????? anaconda-ks.cfg
8?????? file1
8?????? file2
8?????? hlx
8?????? install.log.syslog
8?????? job.sh
8?????? job.txt
8?????? ls.txt
8?????? touch_5.sh
8?????? while_4.sh
12????? vsftpd.conf
36????? install.log
152???? vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
1664??? mbox
20036?? temp
20824?? mini
369704? bak181
1141040 work191
2569496 setup
[root@jfht ~]# du -s * | sort -nr
2569496 setup
1141048 work191
369704? bak181
20824?? mini
20036?? temp
1664??? mbox
152???? vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
36????? install.log
12????? vsftpd.conf
8?????? while_4.sh
8?????? touch_5.sh
8?????? ls.txt
8?????? job.txt
8?????? job.sh
8?????? install.log.syslog
8?????? hlx
8?????? file2
8?????? file1
8?????? anaconda-ks.cfg
4?????? new.txt
4?????? myfile
4?????? echo
4?????? done
4?????? do
[root@jfht ~]#

问题思考

1. du命令不带b,k,m参数时，显示的数值是什么单位的？

2. du命令忽略掉某些目录或文件时怎么做？

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小弟我使用过的Linux命令之du - 查看文件的磁盘空间占用情况