查看和设置MySQL数据库字符集
1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置find / -iname '*.cnf' -print/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf
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2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
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3. 修改my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
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4.重新启动MySQL
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL??????????????????????????????????????? [ 确定 ]
Starting MySQL.??????????????????????????????????????????? [ 确定 ]
[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.
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5.查看字符集设置
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |
| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql>
其他的一些设置方法：修改数据库的字符集通过配置文件修改:
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
重起MySQL:
[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
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通过MySQL命令行修改:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
查看:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |
| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |
| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)
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-------------------------------------+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3.修改默认字符集
(1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值，
如 ?? default-character-set = utf8
????? character_set_server = utf8
?? 修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart
?? 使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????? |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
| character_set_client???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_set_connection | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_set_database?? | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_set_filesystem | binary????????????????????????? |
| character_set_results??? | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_set_server???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_set_system???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |
| character_sets_dir?????? | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |
+--------------------------+---------------------------------+
?? (2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令
?? mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;
