Linux+Apache+Tomcat集群和负载均衡
服务器：
软件环境：
1、首先配置Tomcat服务器
安装JDK，并配置Java路径：
[root@cloud download]# vim /etc/profile
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_26
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH
export CLASSPATH
[root@cloud download]# source /etc/profile
[root@cloud download]# ./ jdk-6u26-linux-x64-rpm.bin
[root@cloud download]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_26"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_26-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.1-b02, mixed mode)
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安装Tomcat
[root@cloud download]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.32.tar.gz
cp -r apache-tomcat-6.0.32 /usr/tomcat6
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修改server.xml配置文件
去掉注释,，这是路由使用的，在apache中会用到jvmRoute的值
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">另外一台命名为jvm2
<!--<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">-->
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把<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>改成：
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
???????????????? channelSendOptions="8">
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????????? <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
?????????????????? expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
?????????????????? notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
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????????? <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
??????????? <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
??????????????????????? address="228.0.0.4"
??????????????????????? port="45564"
??????????????????????? frequency="500"
??????????????????????? dropTime="3000"/>
??????????? <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
????????????????????? address="auto"
????????????????????? port="4000"
????????????????????? autoBind="100"
????????????????? ????selectorTimeout="5000"
????????????????????? maxThreads="6"/>
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??????????? <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
????????????? <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
??????????? </Sender>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
??????????? <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
????????? </Channel>
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????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
???????????????? filter=""/>
????????? <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
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????????? <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
??????????????????? tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
??????????????????? deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
??????????????????? watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
??????????????????? watchEnabled="false"/>
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????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
????????? <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
??????? </Cluster>
上面配置说明：
Using the above configuration will enable all-to-all session replication using the DeltaManager to replicate session deltas. By all-to-all we mean that the session gets replicated to all the other nodes in the cluster. This works great for smaller cluster but we don't recommend it for larger clusters(a lot of tomcat nodes). Also when using the delta manager it will replicate to all nodes, even nodes that don't have the application deployed.To get around this problem, you'll want to use the BackupManager. This manager only replicates the session data to one backup node, and only to nodes that have the application deployed. Downside of the BackupManager: not quite as battle tested as the delta manager. Here are some of the important default values:1. Multicast address is 228.0.0.42. Multicast port is 45564 (the port and the address together determine cluster membership.3. The IP broadcasted is java.net.InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostAddress() (make sure you don't broadcast 127.0.0.1, this is a common error)4. The TCP port listening for replication messages is the first available server socket in range 4000-41005. Two listeners are configured ClusterSessionListener and JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener6. Two interceptors are configured TcpFailureDetector and MessageDispatch15InterceptorThe following is the default cluster configuration:
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To run session replication in your Tomcat 6.0 container, the following steps should be completed:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
???????????????? xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
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??????? <display-name>cncloud_gr</display-name>
??????? <distributable/>
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配置webapp访问路径：
<Context path="" docBase="cncloud" debug="0" />
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配置webapp端口：
<Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
?????????????? connectionTimeout="20000"
?????????????? redirectPort="8443"
??????? URIEncoding="UTF-8"
??????? useBodyEncodingForURI="true" />
把web项目打成war包放在Tomcat/webapps目录下
启动Tomcat，检查各个服务器是否能够正常访问：
./ startup.sh
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2、安装Apache服务器
可以使用以下三种方式：
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测试Apache是否安装成功：http://192.168.14.30/
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默认apache配置文件：/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
模块路径：/usr/sbin/apachectl
web目录：/var/www/html
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启动apache：service httpd start
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出现上面提示是因为没有配置好主机名
[root@cloud download]# vim /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1?????????????? localhost.localdomain localhost
::1???????????? localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.14.30?? cloud_test.com cloud_test
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修改apache配置文件
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
设置web服务器根目录：
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
设置目录首页：
DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var
修改为
DirectoryIndex index.html index.jsp index.htm
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ServerName http://i-dbank.com:80
在文件最后添加下面内容：
<Location /server-status>
SetHandler server-status
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from all
</Location>
<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from all
</Location>
ProxyPass /images !
ProxyPass /css !
ProxyPass /js !
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / balancer://tomcatcluster/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On
ProxyPass /temp http://192.168.14.30/temp/
#ProxyPassReverse / balancer://tomcatcluster/
#ProxyPassReverse /ccas balancer://tomcatcluster/ccas/
#ProxyPassReverse /clpay balancer://tomcatcluster/clpay/
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<Proxy balancer://tomcatcluster>
#BalancerMember http://192.168.14.30:8080 loadfactor=1
BalancerMember http://10.0.30.67 route=jvm1 loadfactor=1
# Less powerful server,don't send as many requests there
BalancerMember http://10.0.30.151 route=jvm2 loadfactor=2
</Proxy>
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查看apache编译的模块信息
[root@cloud_test tomcat-connectors-1.2.32-src]# /usr/sbin/apachectl -l
Compiled in modules:
? core.c
? prefork.c
? http_core.c
? mod_so.c
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重新启动Apache：service httpd start
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