E. 错误的一概适用/横向对比
Even if … it does not follow that … According to the author, X is analogous to Y in all respects. A thorough analysis reveals, however, that the differences between X and Y outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less than valid. For example, … affect X’s results but are virtually absent in Y. These differences may weaken a conclusion based on the analogy between X and Y /weaken the conclusion that X will suffer from the same fate as Y is.
F. 错误地由某些原则/理论推出某一事物应该被重视、被选择
Finally, even if … will be true/ is guaranteed, it doesn’t stand that … should/will … The author unfairly applies the general principle to a specific field/industry. What if … Lacking information about …, it is imprudent for the author to assert that …
G. 错误地从某一数据/样本中得出结论
… the statistics cited in support of the final conclusion that … could be misleading. Although …, …might spend more in terms of the actual amount. Therefore there is no way to …
【percentage≠the actual amount】【sales≠profits】
H. 无端假设
Most conspicuously, the argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that… This assumption is weak, since no evidence is presented to establish that … (opposing possibilities) // This assumption is dubious in two aspects. For one thing, … For another, …