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双语阅读:2012诺贝尔奖压轴戏,博弈论再摘经济学奖(2)

2012-10-16 

Shapley made early theoretical inroads into the subject, using game theory to analyze different matching methods in the 1950s and 1960s. Together with US economist David Gale, he developed a mathematical formula for how 10 men and 10 women could be coupled in a way so that no one would benefit from trading partners. While that may have had little impact on marriages and divorces, the algorithm they developed has been used to better understand many different markets.

  夏普利对这一主题提出了早期的理论,在20世纪50年代和60年代利用博弈论来分析不同的匹配方式。与美国经济学家大卫•盖尔一起,他开发了一个数学公式10个男人和10个女人如何配对才能保证没有人会受益于配对伙伴。虽然这可能有一点影响到结婚和离婚,他们开发的算法已经被用于更好地理解许多不同的市场。

  In the 1990s, Roth applied it to the market for allocating US student doctors to hospitals. He developed a new algorithm that was adopted by the National Resident Matching Program, which helps match resident doctors with the right hospitals.

  在20世纪90年代,罗斯把它应用到如何把美国医学生分配到医院。他开发了一种新的算法被全国驻地医师匹配程序所采用,这有助于把驻院医师分配到合适的医院。

  "Even though these two researchers worked independently of one another, the combination of Shapley's basic theory and Roth's empirical investigations, experiments and practical design has generated a flourishing field of research and improved the performance of many markets," the academy said.

  “尽管这两位研究人员彼此独立工作,但夏普利的基本理论和罗斯的实证调查、实验和实用的设计相结合,产生了一个蓬勃发展的研究领域,并改善了很多市场的功能,”皇家研究院说。

  The official prize citation said the two were awarded for "the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."

  两人的正式获奖词说的是表彰其“稳定匹配理论和市场设计实践”。

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