8.Each of two particular inspection systems that are based on different principles would detect all product flaws but would also erroneously reject three percent of flawless products.Assuming there is no overlap between the products erroneously rejected by the two systems and also no interference between the systems if both operate，using both systems and rejecting only those products found flawed by both would be a way of avoiding all erroneous rejections.
Which of the following most precisely characterizes the reasoning in the argument?
(A)The reasoning is conclusive，that is，the conclusion cannot be false if the statements offered in its support are true.
(B)The reasoning is strong but not conclusive，if the statements offered in support of the conclusion are true，they provide good grounds for that conclu-sion，though it is possible that additional infor-mation might weaken the argument.
(C)The reasoning is weak; the statements offered in support of the conclusion，though relevant to it，by themselves provide at best inadequate grounds for the conclusion.
(D)The reasoning is flawed in that the conclusion is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of evidence offered in its support.
(E)The reasoning is flawed in that the argument treats evidence that a factor is necessary to bring about an event as if it were evidence that the factor is sufficient to bring about that event.
9.In recent years，there has been a dramatic decline in the population of the shrike，a predatory bird that inhabits flat land，such as farms and pastures.Some ornithologists hypothesize that this decline is due to the introduction of new，more effective pesticides to control the insect species on which shrikes prey.
The answer to which of the following questions is NOT relevant to evaluating the ornithologists' hypothesis?
(A)Was there a decline in the shrike population before the new pesticides were first used?www.examw.com
(B)Have shrike populations declined significantly in those habitats where the new pesticides have not been used?
(C)Have the new pesticides more significantly reduced the population of insect species on which shrikes prey than did the pesticides previously used?
(D)Are insects that have consumed the new pesti-cides more toxic to the shrikes that eat those insects than were insects that consumed the less effective pesticides?
(E)Are the new pesticides considered by most people to be less harmful to the environment than the old pesticides were considered to be?
10.Census data for Prenland show that unmarried Prenlandic men in their thirties outnumber unmarried Prenlandic women in that age group by about ten to One.Most of these men do wish to marry.Clearly，however，unless many of them marry women who are not Prenlandic，all but a minority will remain unmarried.
The argument makes which of the following assump-tions?
(A)Emigration from Preland is more common among women than among men.
(B)A greater proportion of Prelandic women in their thirties than of Prenlandic men of the same age would prefer to remain unmarried.
(C)It is unlikely that many of these unmarried Prenlandic men will marry women more than a few years older than themselves.
(D)Prenland has a high rate of divorce.
(E)Most of the unmarried Prenlandic men are unwilling to marry women who are not Prenlandic.
