[误] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.
[正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
[析] 中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after 多用于过去时，如：I arrived in New York. After three days, I found a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。
[误] Three days after he died.
[正] After three days he died.
[正] Three days later he died.
[析] after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。
[误] She hid herself after the tree.
[正] She hid herself behind the tree.
[析] after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
[误] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
[正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
[析] 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
[误] Shanghai is on the east of China.
[正] Shanghai is in the east of China.
[析] 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.
[误] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
[正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
[析] at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。
[误] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
[正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
[析] 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。
[误] There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.
[正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
[析] 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.
[误] This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.
[正] This weekend I'll stay at Uncle Wang's.
[析] 要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：at a tailor's shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor's, at the doctor's (去看病) at the bookseller's (在书店) at uncle Wang's (在王叔叔家)
[误] Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?
[正] Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper?
[析] 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。
[误] The school will begin on September 1st.
[正] School will begin on September 1st.
[析] 这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Tom's home, they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
[误] In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
[正] On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
[析] 译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光"在……的路上"应用on one's way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way。
[误] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.
[析] in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。
[误] I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
[正] I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[正] I'll leave for Shanghai.
[析] leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for。
[误] I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.
[正] I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
[析] get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'd better get in. 或We'd better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)
[误] Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.
[正] Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.
[析] over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.
[误] There is an old stone bridge above the river.
[正] There is an old stone bridge over the river.
[析] over还有一意为"跨越，横跨"。
[误] The Dead Sea is under the sea level.
[正] The Dead Sea is below the sea level.
[析] 在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。
[误] There is a big tree in the front of the house.
[正] There is a big tree in front of the house.
[析] in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.
[误] It took them two days to walk across the forest.
[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.
[析] across 作为介词有两个主要意思：① 横过，如：I want to walk across the street.② 对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.
[误] The sun sets toward the west.
[正] The sun sets in the west.
[析] towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.
[误] Do you have no other clothes except those?
[正] Do you have no other clothes besides those?
[析] beside 是"在……旁边"，如：The students stood beside their teachers.而besides是"除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……"， 如：I studied English besides French, when I was in college. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。
[误] Can I write the exam paper with ink?
[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen?
[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink?
[析] with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。
[误] I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.
[正] I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.
[析] 在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train
by bicycle=on a bicycle
by ship=on a ship
by boat=in a boat
by bus=on a bus
by plane=on a plane
by air 空运
by land 陆运
by sea 海运
on foot on horseback
by phone by letter by radio
by air mail by hand
[误] A lot of French wines are made of grape.
[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.
[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.
[误] This is a good dictionary in English grammar.
[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
[析] 关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。
[误] Do you have the key of the door.
[正] Do you have the key to the door.
[析] key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千万不要用of。
[误] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.
[正] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.
[析] have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。
[误] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.
[正] I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.
[析] be angry with其后接人，而be angry at其后接事。如：He was angry at what she said.
[误] He was good for skating.
[正] He was good at skating.
[析] be good at 为"擅长某事"，而be good for somebody为对某人很好。
[误] It was good to you to help my little boy.
[正] It was good of you to help my little boy.
[析] 这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody 是对某人态度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.
[误] My parents were very pleased at me.
[正] My parents were very pleased with me.
[正] My parents were very pleased at my studying.
[析] be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something。
[误] He is agree with me.
[正] He agrees with me.
[误] He againsts me.
[正] He is against me.
[析] 同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。
[误] I haven't heard letters from him.
[正] I haven't heard from him.
[析] hear from 即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。
[误] Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?
[正] Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?
[析] 作为"拜访"讲call at其后接地点，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。
[误] Do you know the girl on white?
[正] Do you know the girl in white?
[析] in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：in bed(睡觉)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危险中),in joy (高兴)，in good health(身体好)，in love(恋爱)，in trouble(困境)，与之相反的是out of ,如：out of trouble (摆脱困境)，out of date(过时了)， out of order(出故障)
[误] He looked at me at surprise.
[正] He looked at me in surprise.
[析] surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，To one's surprise, 如：To my surprise he succeeded. ② be surprised at, 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.
[误] She didn't come to school because of she was ill.
[正] She didn't come to school because she was ill.
[析] because of 后接名词，如：The game was put off because of the rain.
(三) 例题解析
1 - Thank you ___ the beautiful flowers!
- Not at all.
A in B on C at D for
[答案] D.
[析] 由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2 Can you answer this question ___ English?
A by B in C with D from
[答案] B.
[析] in 表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：He answered the question in a low voice.
3 Look ___ the map ___ China ___ the wall, please.
A after, of, in B at, of, in
C after, in, on D at, of, on
[答案] D.
[析] look at 为"看"，而on the wall为"在墙表面挂着"，而in the wall 则是"在墙内"，如：There is hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。
4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London?
- He arrived there ___ the evening of December 6th.
A at B in C on D to
[答案] C.
[析] in the evening / afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning等。
5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ___ our teacher's face.
A off B near C on D between
[答案] C.
6 The twins got on well ___ their classmates.
A to B in C with D about
[答案] C.
[析] get on well with与人相处很好。
7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.
- I see. I'll come ___ Saturday evening.
A in B at C on D for
[答案] C.
8 Let's hurry， or we'll be late ___ school
A to B at C with D for
[答案] D.
[析] be late for， 而 come late to， 如： Don't come late to school
9 They will have a maths test ___ two days
A for B at C in D after
[答案] C.
[析] 三天之内应用in，而不要受中文影响用after， after three days 是个不定的时间范围，即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。
10 My brother joined the army ___
A 1989， March B in March， 1989
C March， 1989 D 1989， in March
[答案] B.
[析] 在月份、年、前用介词in，而日子前用on。
11 He couldn't work out the maths problem ___ your help
A without B under C for D with
[答案] A.
[析] 在某人帮助下应用with， 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily 而要是没有你的帮助则用 without your help
12 Granny took one look at us ___ her glasses
A by B through C on D in
[答案] B.
[析] through 为穿过……。
13 We had our breakfast ___ a quarter ___ seven
A /， to B in， to C at， to D on， to
[答案] C.
[析] 具体时间点前用at，而差几分几点用to，这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 I learn French ___ the radio every day
A on B in C from D at
[答案] A.
[析] 从收音机中听到某事应用词组 on the radio。
15 It's good manners to wait ___ line
A in B on C at D with
