四、实例分析
接下来,我们以考题为例,分析短文改错题的具体解题流程。
1)There are advantage for students to work while
2)studying at school. One of them was that
3)they can earn money. For the most part,
4)students working to earn money for their own
5)use. Earning their own money allow them
6)to spend on anything as if they please.
7)They would have to ask their parents for
8)money or for permission to do things by
9)the money. Some students may also to save
10)up for our college or future use.
通过阅读全文,我们发现:
1、 这是一篇议论文,探讨学生是否应该打工。主体时态是现在时。第2)小题的局部时态和主体时态发生冲突,而且经过进一步判断,属于时态错误。
2、 文章的第一句是这篇议论文的论点,它明确了全文的立足点:打工有好处。因此,第7)小题虽然没有任何语法错误,但其逻辑和全文的整体逻辑恰好背道而驰。
3、 文章是作者站在第三方对一个一般现象进行的评论,主体叙事角度与“我”、“我们”无关。第10)小题的代词“our”有错误嫌疑。
第1)小题,There are advantage for students to work while中,系动词are和主语advantage的单复数一致性出现了问题,但此时还不能贸然判断究竟是哪一个出现了问题。通过阅读下文,我们得出至少有两个层面的“好处”,因此把advantage改为advantages;
第2)小题,studying at school. One of them was that中,我们已经解释过了,时态错误,应将was改为is;
第3)小题,they can earn money. For the most part,中,没有错误,for the most part为习惯表达,表示“最主要的原因是”,且语法无误;
第4)students working to earn money for their own中,working是非谓语形式,导致该句没有谓语,是一个典型的不完整句,因此要将working改为work,还原其谓语功能。
第5)小题,use. Earning their own money allow them中,主语为动名词形式的earning,与谓语allow的一致性出现问题,应改为allows;
第6)小题,to spend on anything as if they please.中,从句引导词错误,导致含义混乱,应将as if改为as;
第7)小题,They would have to ask their parents for中,如上文中的解释,改为should not;
第8)小题,money or for permission to do things by中,介词使用有误,这主要还是一个语法问题。将by改为with;
第9)小题,the money. Some students may also to save中,情态动词和不定时的语法问题,应该将to去掉;
第10)小题,up for our college or future use.中,我们解释过了,这里的代词our与全文的叙述角度发生冲突。经判断,将其改为their。
大致上,短文改错涵盖面较广,本文只是总结了数年考试题型做了归纳,总之这类题十分注意细节。令:本文是其他一线教师力作,拿来即用。