六级全真模拟。
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Curb Spending? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1. 现在许多大学生花钱大手大脚
2. 有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱多一些无可厚非
3. 你的看法
Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1~4, mark
Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5~10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Even as the economy improves, a jobless executive may face up to a year or more of unemployment. This is a lot of time, especially for hard-charging high-performers who are not used to having any free time. While some job seekers spend hundreds－even thousands－of hours discovering daytime television, others seem to thrive on activities that boost their professional careers or resolve family issues when they aren't working.
Having an extended period of free time in the prime of one's life can in fact be a unique opportunity to focus on volunteer service, professional education or personal growth.
Community Involvement
For Lisa Perez, the wakeup call was burned pork chops. An executive who previously hadn't been particularly interested in home and health, she had become obsessed with homemaking during a stint of unemployment.
She realized that cleaning and organizing her home wasn't helping her job search. Nevertheless, "I made lists of 50 things to do every day," says Ms. Perez, a political and public-relations consultant in Scottsdale, Ariz. "My house was spotless, just so I'd have something to do."
One day, her boyfriend didn't arrive on time for dinner because he had to work late, and her pork chops were ruined. She threw a fit. "I'd never been a person like that," she says. "So I decided to stop feeling sorry for myself, and go out and do something productive."
Ms. Perez, 35, resolved to become an active volunteer for the duration of her search. She gave her time to a health-care concern, a housing program and a political campaign.
The work bolstered her self-confidence. "Volunteering takes the focus off of you. One thing you have that's still valuable is your time. And, of course, you learn that there are thousands of people with a life that's much worse than yours," she says.
Volunteer assignments are also great ways to meet powerful and well-connected people. Over a six-month period, her volunteering evolved into working as a paid consultant and then as a full-time employee, a job she still holds today. In all, she was unemployed for eight months.
Before her job loss, she thought she didn't have time to volunteer while working. "Now, even though I have a demanding job, I still volunteer, because of what I got out of it," says Ms. Perez.
Continuing Education
Gene Bellavance, a 36-year-old information-technology project manager, took another route during his unemployment. When he was laid off from a steel company near Cleveland, he knew his immediate prospects were bleak. He expected his search to take a year. He faced a decision: take a job that would set back his career or hold out for an offer he really wanted.
Mr. Bellavance, single and virtually debt free, shifted his finances into survival mode. He cashed out his pension, sold his house, unloaded things he didn't need at garage sales, and rented an apartment with a roommate. Then, he says, "I signed up for every benefit I could find."
But he wasn't just waiting out the year. He spent the rest of his search updating his skills, including becoming certified in new database and project-management software. "You have to invest in yourself," Mr. Bellavance says. "I estimated what technology was going to be the most beneficial and chose applications that were going to be pervasive, that were right for my market, and that were going to ensure top pay."
In addition to income from the occasional IT-consulting assignment, he relied on a combination of displaced-worker-retraining grants and unemployment benefits. "I went out and found the classes, submitted the paperwork, and dealt with the bureaucracy. You have to stay after them, keeping your benefits moving forward. It's up to you to make it work with your overall transition plan," he says.
His job search was one month shy of the full year he'd expected. He looked for work during his training and says he would have finished the certification programs even if he'd been hired before completing them.
"People should not feel guilty"about accepting government aid, he says. "I saw this in a lot of people. They felt they were some kind of loser for taking benefits. My advice is: Get all you can. You've been paying for these programs in your entire career, and you may as well start to benefit from them."
Family Matters
In addition to pursuing training or volunteering, some displaced careerists use their time off work to attend to family matters. Many executives rediscover their children or find time to help their parents.
Stanford Rappaport held three jobs in San Francisco, including high-tech and teaching positions. When he was laid off from the high-tech job last year, he knew it might be a long slog before he could get another post like it in the Bay Area. "I was able to do the math," says Mr. Rappaport, 46. " The number of people laid off: huge; and the number of available jobs: miniscule. At the time, I thought it might be two or three years before the tech industry recovered."
Mr. Rappaport's remaining job, a part-time faculty position with City College of San Francisco, didn't pay enough to support him. After a couple of months of searching with no results, he decided to escape the Northern California jobs meltdown. "My plan," he says, "was to get out of an expensive living situation, and either seek work in another section of the U.S. or overseas, for those two years." Mr. Rappaport, who speaks five languages, had worked overseas before.
Before he found an assignment, his Arkansas-based mother was diagnosed with a serious chronic illness, and he was called into duty as a son. Mr. Rappaport was able to help his mother get her affairs in order not to interrupt his search by using a San Francisco mail drop and cellphone. "I continued to look for work in California while I was in Fayetteville, Ark., helping my mother through this crisis."
He took his mother to medical appointments, made repairs on her house, bought her a better car, and straightened out her legal and financial affairs. "I even got to go through my father's effects, which in the five years since he had died were simply piled in boxes in his office," he says.
Mr. Rappaport's stay in Arkansas lasted six months. "It's amazing that at this stage I had the opportunity to spend a significant amount of time with my mother and improve her life and get a lot of things done for her. Most people never have that opportunity. I'm very thankful that I had the chance. It was absolutely worth it," he says.
One of the unexpected benefits was the huge boost in confidence he gained from his role as caregiver. He'd been feeling depressed and defeated when he left California, but after returning, he felt renewed. He landed a job with a former employer after returning to San Francisco and remains a part-time faculty member.
Discovery and Exploration
Instead of spending time off lamenting your unemployed status, ask yourself: "Is there something I've always wanted to do but haven't because of the demands of my job?"
Felice Fisk, a 29-year-old in Seattle, recently left an account-manager position at a contract-furniture company. During seven months of unemployment, she took an interest in fine-art painting and completed 18 pieces before returning to work. "I found the art work, or some kind of creative outlet, to be really beneficial," she says. She's now an interior designer for an interior-design firm.
Michael Ross, 42, a former IT administrator in El Cerrito, Calif., recently spent his 10 months of unemployment playing guitar and exploring his lifelong interest in scriptwriting and the movie business. "After 18 years at my former employer and how hard I had worked, I knew I had to recover, to get restored," he says. "I looked at this as an opportunity, rather than a penalty. This was very much about clearing space for me."
At the executive level, even a very efficient and successful job search may be quite lengthy. It makes sense to spend that time in an enriching and productive manner. These job seekers pursued service, continuing education and shoring up family bonds. How you'll look back on a period of unemployment depends on what you do with it.
1. This passage mainly tells that being unemployed is not all bad.
2. Lisa Perez found a new interest in homemaking during the period of unemployment.
3. Lisa Perez was always optimistic during the period of her unemployment.
4. After she got a new job, Lisa Perez regretted that she had not done volunteering work earlier.
5. Unemployment means a lot of time, especially for those hard-charging executives who are not used to having any time.
6. Being a volunteer is helpful because volunteer assignments can provide you with chances to meet people.
7. Mr. Bellavance cashed out his pension, sold his house and unloaded things he didn't need at garage after losing his job in order to change his finances into mode.
8. When unemployed, some careerists take the opportunity to family matters in addition to pursuing training or volunteering.
9. The role as caregiver brought about a huge boost in to Mr. Rappaport. After returning from California, he felt renewed.
10. Michael Ross resigned and spent his unemployment time playing guitar and exploring his lifelong interest in scriptwriting and the movie business for he looked at this as an , rather than a penalty.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.
The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. There is an old saying which says, "Time flies never to be recalled." This is very true. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be obtained again. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact time is life itself, and unpunctual man is forever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others'. The unpunctual man is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or make an appointment. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he cannot get through his immense amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every appointment without the least delay and deals with every piece of work when it has to be attended promptly. Failure to be punctual in keeping one's appointments is a sign of disrespect toward others. If a person is invited to a dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. This is a great impoliteness both towards the host and the other guests.
Friends sometimes grow cold towards each other, or even become enemies, because one of them has been neglectful of answering letters or keeping appointments.
Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to one's duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are entrusted with important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by friends or fellow men. And the unpunctual man is a source of annoyance both to others and to himself.
47. According to the passage, if a person cannot do things at a proper time, he will lose .
48. A punctual man will seldom complain that he finds no time to answer letters or return calls for he is very careful of .
49. If a person is unpunctual in keeping his appointment, he is showing towards others.
50. Why some friends may become enemies according to the passage?
. .
51. No one will trust a person who is known to be according to the passage.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
It happened one morning 20 years ago. British scientist Alec Jeffrey stumbled upon DNA fingerprinting: He identified the patterns of genetic(基因的) material that are unique to almost every individual. His discovery changed everything from the way we do criminal investigations to the way we decide family law. But the professor of genetics at the University of Leicester, UK, is still surprised, and a bit worried, by the power of the technology he released upon the world.
The patterns within DNA are unique to each individual, except identical twins, who share the same pattern. The ability to identify these patterns has been used to convict murderers and to clear people who are wrongly accused. It is also used to identify the victims of war and settle disputes over who is the father of a child.
Jeffrey said he and his colleagues made the discovery by accident while tracking genetic variations. But, within six months of the discovery, genetic fingerprinting had been used in an immigration case, to prover that an African boy really was his parents'son. In 1986, it was used for the first time in a British criminal case: It cleared one suspect after being accused of two rapes and murders and helped convict another man.
DNA testing is now very common. In Britain, a national criminal database established in 1995 now contains 2.5 million DNA samples(样本). The U.S. and Canada are devloping similar systems. But there are fears about the stored DNA samples and how they could be used to harm a person's privacy. That includes a person's medical history, racial origin or psychological profile. "There is the long-term risk that people can get into these samples and start getting additional information about a person's paternity or risk of disease," Jeffrey said.
DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity. Till, it is considered a reasonably reliable system for determining the things it is used for. Jeffrey estimates(估计) the probability of two individuals'DNA profiles maching in the most commonly used tests at between one in a billion or one in a trillion.
52. The passage is mainly about .
A) the discovery of fingerprinting by Jeffery
B) the practice of fingerprinting in court
C) the fingerprinting in the present situation
D) the merits and demerits of fingerprinting
53.The phrase "stumbled upon"(Line 1, Para. 1) is closest in meaning to " ".
A) discovered after great efforts B) found out quite by chance
C) amazed and confused by D) invented in experiments
54. The significance of the DNA fingerprinting is that .
A) the patterns of genetic material are unique in everybody
B) it can be used to identify criminals by testing their DNAs
C) DNA testing can tell the wated information of some people
D) DNA testing can help those who are wrongly accused
55. The British DNA database is established to .
A) find the identical DNA profiles B) help criminal investigations
C) store people's personal information D) treat people of potential diseases
56.By saying"DNA testing is not an unfailing proof of identity", the author means .
A) DNA testing can be wrong in its practices
B) there are identical patterns of genetic material
C) many people have the identical DNA profiles
D) DNA testing are endangering people's privacy
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
In recent years crisis in welfare states has been high on the political scheme both in the Scandinavian（斯堪的那维亚）countries and elsewhere. The crisis consists of many individual elements and is partly due to the fact that the present welfare arrangements originated and developed in the 1960s and 1970s at a time of high economic growth and low unemployment. It has never been the intention either with unemployment, sickness benefits or with cash benefits that so many people should receive them or that they should receive them for so long as has been the case in recent years. The financing of the welfare state has thus become a problem, and as it has not been politically possible to increase taxes, which are already very high.The question is therefore whether the national compromise can be maintained in the future. Generally speaking, the changes and cuts which have been made in the welfare systems in the Scandinavian countries in recent years--and there are actually many-foretell an on-going adaptation of the systems to the present economic situation. This does not mean that changes are being contemplated in the concept of the welfare state, i.e. that it is the intention to adopt another welfare model. However, there is already now much to suggest that a more fragmented welfare system is slowly but surely emerging in the Scandinavian countries.
In all the Scandinavian countries a supplementary welfare system has developed in recent years, giving greater benefits to those who are in the labor market. This is a clear deviation from the equality principle that is at the heart of the Scandinavian welfare model. The breach has occurred partly because better arrangements have been reached relating to maternity leave, sickness and pensions through the free collective agreements between employers and employees that regulate conditions in the labor markets in all the Scandinavian countries. That is to say benefits that are paid out to the vast majority of employees in the Scandinavian labor markets, who are included in such an agreement--but not to all citizens.
57. The cause of the crisis in welfare states is that .
A) the economy of these countries has been on the verge of collapse
B) there are too few people enjoying the social welfare
C) the economical situation in these countries has worsened
D) the welfare system has been outdated in the present situation
58. According to the passage, the financing of the welfare society becomes a problem because .
A) the tax rate is too low in these countries
B) the tax rate is too high in these countries
C) the population has grown larger but national revenue declined
D) the growth of population has exceeded that of the economy
59. The Scandinavian countries are .
A) considering a different welfare model B) preparing to partially modify the welfare model
C) cutting down the welfare system D) building a new welfare society
60. In the supplementary welfare system, .
A) everyone is entitled to the same rights only if he/she is a citizen
B) employers and employees have reshaped the old welfare system
C) new agreements have been reached in the labor markets
D) the equality principle is still at the core for all citizens
61.According to the article, in the supplementary welfare system, everyone doesn't have .
A) the same rights to receive education B) the same rights to enjoy pensions
C) the same medical care support D) the same unemployment subsidy
Part Ⅴ Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the blanks provided. If you add a word, put an insertion mark(∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank.
Teachers believe that students'responsibility with 62.
learning is necessary. If a long reading assignment is
given, instructors expect students to be familiar with
the informations in the reading even if they do not 63.
discuss it in class or give an examination. The ideal
student is considered to be one who motivated to learn 64.
for the sake of learning, not the one who is interested
only in getting high grades. Grade-conscious students
may be frustrated with teachers who do not believe it
is necessary to grade every assignment. Sometimes
homework is returned with brief writing comments but 65.
without a grade. When research is assigned, the
professor expects the student to make the initiative 66.
and complete the assignment with minimal guidance.
Professors do not have time to explain how the library
works; they expect students, particular graduate students, 67.
to be able to use the reference sources in the library.
In the United States, professors have other duties except 68.
teaching. Often they either have administrative work to do
or may be obliged to publish articles and books. But the 69.
time that a professor can spend with a student outside of
class is very limited. Educational practices such as student
participation indicates a respect for individual responsibility 70.
and independence. The manner which education is provided 71.
in any country reflects basic cultural and social beliefs of that country.
Part ⅥTranslation(5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. It was essential that (我们在月底前签订合同).
73. To our delight, she (进大学一个月就适应了校园生活).
74. The new government was accused (未实现其降低失业率的承诺).
75. The workmen think (遵守安全规则很重要).
76. The customer complained that no sooner (他刚试着使用这台机器，它就不运转了).
