六级全真模拟。
Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes) 恩波08年12月大学英语六级全真模拟五套题（三）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Do We Have Our Privacy?You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1.学生抱怨家长、老师不尊重他们的隐私权
2.家长、老师则认为他们有监护责任
3.你的看法
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions:In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.
For questions 1-4,mark
Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Earth's Ecological Debt Crisis
Today is a bleak day for the environment, the day of the year when mankind overexploits the world's resources-the day when we start living beyond our ecological means.
Evidence is mounting that rapid population growth and rising living standards among the Earth's six billion inhabitants are putting an intolerable strain on nature. For the first time an organization-a British think-tank-has sought to pinpoint how quickly man is using the global resources of farming land, forests, fish, air and energy.
The new economics foundation has calculated from research by a U.S. academic group, Global Footprint Network, that the day when we use more than our fair share of the Earth-when "humanity starts eating the planet"-is October 9.
In other words, assuming that the world has a certain quantity of natural resources that can sustainably be used up each year, today is the date at which this annual capacity is reached, and environmentalists warn that just as a company bound for bankruptcy plunging into the red or a borrower "maxing out" on credit cards must face the consequences, so must man.
The biggest problem relating to the overconsumption of resources is climate change, but its other effects include deforestation, falling agricultural yields and overfishing.
Overfishing is one of the most easily understood examples of the abuse of nature. Catching too many fish has left species that were once common, such as cod in the North Sea and bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean, struggling to survive.
Although it is possible to make ever-increasing catches for a while, eventually only small, juvenile fish are left, and stocks become universal. Similarly, emissions of greenhouse gases, are rising, but the climate is poised to wreak its revenge, already polar ice caps are melting at a rate that is startling scientists and examples of extreme weather, such as Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in August last year, are being attributed to global climate change. In February, when he was Defence Secretary, John Reid revealed that British military planners were already preparing for conflicts arising from the scramble for resources in 20 to 30 years'time.
Outlining the impact of global warming, he said: "Impacts such as flooding, melting permafrost (永久冻结带) and desertification（沙漠化）could lead to loss of agricultural land, poisoning of water supplies and destruction of economic infrastructure."
Global Footprint estimates that the human race is overusing the Earth's resources by 23 percent. While each individual should use up no more than the equivalent of 1.8 hectares of the Earth's surface, the actual area we use is 2.2 hectares per person.
Mathis Wackernagel, executive director of Global Footprint Network, which analyses 6,000 pieces of data from such sources as the United Nations, warned that the limit of the Earth's endurance had already been reached.
He said: "Humanity is living off its ecological credit card and can only do this by liquidating the planet's natural resources."
According to Nef's analysis, the unsustainability of human behaviour has speeded up markedly. Humanity started living beyond its means on a global level in 1987, when the limit of sustainability was reached on 19 December. By 1995, the day was arriving by 21 November and began arriving in October shortly after millennium.
Consumption is particularly profligate (恣意挥霍的) in the West, where individuals consume airfreighted food, buy hardwood furniture, enjoy foreign holidays and own cars. Global Footprint estimates the world would need five planet Earths to sustain a global materialistic society such as that in the U.S. while almost three would be needed for the UK.
By contrast, developing countries such as Kenya use a fraction of the resources. Nef highlighted the energy wasted in trade. In 2004, for example, Britain exported 1,500 tons of potatoes to Germany and imported the same amount. We sent 10,200 tons of milk and cream to France and imported 9,900 tons.
Professor Tim Jackson, head of sustainable development at Surrey University, one of Britain's leading experts in sustainability, said the research was broadly right and that we are using resources faster than they can be replaced by the planet.
He said: "We are clearly drawing natural capital and the point about collapse is that we don't know when some of the systems in the global atmosphere and fish will collapse but we do know that collapse is a very real possibility."
Our Dwindling Natural Assets
Fisheries Degradation of the marine ecosystem is one of the world's biggest problems after climate change. Many fish population have shrunk by 90 percent in 50 years. Species in particular danger are bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean and Atlantic and cod in the North Sea.
Energy Oil reserves are fast running out: "peak oil"-the point from which oil reserves start to decline-is imminent, with world consumption of oil at 84 million barrels a day. In turn, the burning of fossil fuels is the largest source of emissions of CO2.
Some 13 million hectares of forest are lost every year, says the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Almost 20 percent of the Amazon-the world's "lung"-has been felled. In 2004 the rate of forest clearance in the Amazon was the second highest on record, caused by the boom in growing soya beans. Deforestation of tropical rainforests may account for the loss of as many as 100 species a day.
Water Population growth, pollution and climate change are making water a scarce resource. Only 2 percent of water on Earth is fresh, the rest is salt or trapped in glaciers and snow. By 2050, 7 billion people in 60 countries could be short of drinking water.
Farming land Overfarming drains the soil of nutrients, while the chemicals used in the process pollute waterways. Farming uses 70 percent of the world's water supply: to provide 2,700 calories a day requires 4,300 litres (more than seven bathtubs) of water.
1. So far man has tapped the world's abundant resources on a moderate level.
2. The U.S. economics foundation has already figured out the exact date when the Earth is not able to bear the burden imposed by mankind.
3. Environmentalists have done extensive research on the relation between the exploitation of natural resources and the improvement of people's living standards.
4. Apart from climate change, the overconsumption has given rise to several other problems, one of which is falling agricultural yields.
5. An outstanding example of extreme weather is which devastated New Orleans in August last year.
6. According to Global Footprint's estimates, the human race is overusing the Earth's resources by .
7. Mathis Wackernagel warned that humanity would exceed in terms of its natural resources.
8. According to Nef's analysis of the unsustainability of human behavior, the time when humanity reached the limit of sustainability was .
9. Professor Tim Jackson confirmed the validity of the research and pointed out that resources are being used faster than they by the Earth.
10. One of the major causes of the extinction of species is probably the deforestation of .
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
It was a bit of a shock when Toyota finally surpassed General Motors last week as the world's largest carmaker. In a very important sense-profitability-G.M. had not been on top in some time. More important, analysts say that G.M. has awakened to the challenge posed by Toyota and, although more difficult results lie ahead, the company may finally be moving in the right direction.
As global competition heats up, Americans will have to get used to having more of their companies fall from the top spot. How businesses respond will in no small way determine how well the United States succeeds in a world where it is no longer the unchallenged economic superpower.
A major reason that so many American companies were world-beaters(举世无双) in the last century was the unmatched size of their rich and relatively homogenous domestic consumer market, big enough by itself for mass production, and bequeathing all the advantages of economies of scale for competition abroad. The United States economy is still the largest in the world, but ravenous (饿极了的) young markets in places like India and China make clear that it will not stay that way forever. There will be ever more competitors from all over selling all over, and ready to knock off those in the old guard if they make the wrong choices.
This is no reason for American business to despair; instead, it has to refocus on how to stay competitive in a world beyond American dominance. Germany's recent success might serve as a model. Germany, with the world's third-largest economy, has been the world's largest exporter of goods the last four years. And, Americans who believe protectionism is needed to level the playing field should note, it has managed to do it without cheap labor. German businesses have prospered with a focus on quality and strong brands, and particularly with sophisticated niche products, from lasers to Porsches.
Germany's recent success was not accomplished painlessly. There were wrenching layoffs and rounds of cost cutting and outsourcing along the way. General Motors faces a particular set of challenges because in the mass-market automobile game, the huge upfront costs of designing and building cars make sales volume crucial. But Germany's export prowess proves that for a smart industrialized country, many small successes can add up to No. 1.
47. In what terms had General Motors not been on top in the listing of the world's major businesses?
48. According to the author, the success of American companies is determined in large measure by the way they will posed by other economies.
49. The reason why American companies were more competitive in the past was the unmatched size of their rich and .
50. Faced with challenges all over the world, what should corporate America do?
51. According to the author, the secret to Germany's recent success is that German businesses have attached great importance to .
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Humanism originated in the study of classical culture, and humanities disciplines included grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and ethics. These subjects were all studied, whenever possible, in the original classical texts. The humanities curriculum conflicted directly with more traditional education that was based on scholasticism (经院哲学). A scholastic education concentrated on the study of logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, or the nature of reality. Scholars often clashed sharply over these two systems of education.
Underlying the differences between these two philosophies was the humanists'deep conviction that society had outgrown older ways of thought. According to the humanists, these ways of thought emphasized abstract speculation and relied too heavily on Christian teachings. Many of the humanists were townspeople who were not directly associated with the church. These urban residents tended to object to an educational system that was largely monopolized by the clergy and oriented to clerical needs. Humanists were accustomed to the ever changing, concrete activities of city life and found the rigid and closed systems of abstract thought to be both useless and irrelevant. In sum, humanism reflected the new environment of the Renaissance(文艺复兴). Its essential contribution to the modern world was not its concern with antiquity, but its flexibility and openness to all the possibilities of life.
Renaissance humanism was complex, with few unifying features beyond a common belief that humanity and society could be improved through a new kind of education based on a study of the classics. Humanists varied widely in the ways they applied these ideas to areas that interested them. Some humanists were mainly interested in rhetoric and Latin prose style, while others analyzed ancient texts to determine exact meanings. One group focused on ways to improve society in general, while Christian humanism applied the techniques of humanist scholarship to the study of church documents, particularly the Bible.
52. Why were the humanities subjects required to be studied in the original classical text?
A) The humanists believed that those texts were the best ones.
B) Humanism took its origin in classical works in many fields.
C) The humanists disliked their contemporary works.
D) The humanists wanted to be different from scholasticism.
53. Humanities curriculum differs from the scholastic education .
A) because humanists and scholastic scholars had different assumptions of society
B) because humanists were not interested in the scholastic curriculum
C) for many of the humanists were townspeople
D) because they were different in religious beliefs
54. Being townspeople, humanists .
A) enjoyed a better life
B) experienced different lives
C) were against educational changes
D) seldom went to churches
55. Humanism during the Renaissance .
A) was not different from other intellectual movements
B) applied new educational methods in training clergies
C) brought about great changes in the studies of the Bible
D) focused upon the study of the relations between man and society
56. The article can be best titled as .
A) Education in the Renaissance B) Humanism in the Renaissance
C) Debate on Education D) The New Education
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
"Famine Threatens Millions!" Headlines such as this are unhappily frequent. The people of vast areas of the world's surface are ill-fed even in prosperous years. One season of widespread agricultural failure can plunge millions into disastrous famine.
Meanwhile world population is spiraling upward, and the most rapid increases are being made in just those regions where getting proper nourishment is the greatest problem. Today while the people of the"have"countries are well-fed and are piling up surpluses of foodstuffs, in the "have-not"countries more millions than ever are going hungry every day.
In recent years, however, there has been a great"awakening of the common man". People who previously had little contact with the outside world have begun to rub shoulders with people from other, better-developed countries.
They have begun to realize, as an expert puts it, that "poverty is not a God-given state of life." Moreover, the"have"nations of the world have begun to realize that no single nation, however prosperous, can exist for itself alone. The entire world is so bound together today by ties of trade and travel that poverty and famine anywhere threaten the richest of the nations along with the poorest. As a result, much thought and skilled effort are being devoted to improving food supplies in the underfed areas.
Many of the world's food problems are quite evident and can be attacked directly. "Some farmers are still using tools and methods dating back to prehistoric times," you may say. "Bring their methods up to date with modern tools and machines, teach them to fertilize and irrigate their soil, provide them with food seed and good animals to raise, and they soon will be producing plenty for all."
This approach is being followed; the agronomist in Greece, the farm expert in Afghanistan, and many others are doing all they can to improve agricultural techniques in countless widely scattered farm communities. But behind every problem that can be solved by machinery or a packet of seed or a sack of fertilizer looms a human problem having to do with what has long been known as social lag. Whenever you try to revolutionize the ways of a people, you run into a maze of intricate, interlocked problems. The behavior of human beings is complex and cannot be controlled as simple as the behavior of white mice in a laboratory. What seems an obvious solution may prove difficult, even impossible, to carry out.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
57. The solution to the world's food problems depends on .
A) modern methods of farming
B) providing family farms
C) solving problems besides growing food
D) the help of the "have" countries
58. Conditions in the "have-not"countries are .
A) improving because of the development of economy
B) getting worse because of rapidly growing population
C) kept well by food from the "have" countries
D) better than the "have" countries in other senses
59. Most of the people in the world get .
A) enough food in the good years
B) insufficient food for all times
C) food from the "have" countries in bad years
D) richer than ever before
60. The main difficulty in solving the food problem is .
A) backward social and economical background
B) lack of information about food needs
C) conflicts between the"haves"and"have-nots"
D) lack enough funds to modernize agriculture
61. The word "maze"(Line 5,Para.6) is closest in meaning to .
A) "a light fog" B) "a confusing situation"
C) "a well-defined circumstance" D) "a mysterious condition"
Part ⅤError Correction(15 minutes)
Directions:This part consists of a short passage.In this passage,there are altogether 10 mistakes,one in each numbered line.You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word.Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.If you change a word,cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank.If you add a word,put an insertion mark(∧)in the right place and write the missing word in the blank.If you delete a word,cross it out and put a slash(/)in the blank.
The problems which face the learners of English can
be divided into three categories: psychological, culture, 62
and linguistic. The largest category seems to be linguistic.
When foreign learners first have the opportunity to speaking 63
to a native speaker of English, they may have a shock: they
often have little difficulty in understanding spoken English 64
of native speakers. There are a number of reasons to this. 65
First, it seems to students that English people speak very
quickly. Secondly,they say with a variety of accents. 66
Thirdly, different styles of speech are used in different
situations, for example, everyday spoken English, which is
colloquial and idiomatic, are different from the English 67
used for academic purposes. For all of these reasons
students will have difficulty, mainly because we lack 68
practice in listening to English people speaking English.
What can a student do then to overcome these
difficulties? Well, obviously, he can benefit in attending 69
English classes and he should take every opportunity
available to speak with native speakers of English. He
should be aware, consequently, that English people are, by 70
temperament, often reserved and may be willing to start a 71
conversation. So he should have the courage to take the initiative
Part ⅥTranslation(15 minutes)
Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
72. Criticism and self-criticism is necessary (因为它有助于我们改正错误).
73.The secret to our success is that we use a mix of teaching methods,
74. Julie was feeling bored in the evening so she (报名参加) on English and French.
75. As the breadwinner of the family, he has to (从工资里留出一些钱来作为儿子的学费).
76. Unless I receive a satisfactory response from you within a month,
(否则我就把这件事交给我的律师处理).
Part ⅠWriting
Do We Have Our Privacy？
When it comes to the sensitive issue of privacy, different people may have different opinions. Teenagers and young adults are often heard complaining that their own privacy has been infringed by parents and teachers, with their diaries pried into, their calls overheard, or their personal letters opened in their absence. In other words, their privacy is not duly respected by the adult world.
However, parents and teachers think otherwise. In their eyes, children and young students will never be old enough to mind their own business. As the members of the older generation, they should ensure that the younger generation grow up and prosper in a favorable climate. It is a responsibility from which they ought not to escape. Equipped with this mentality, teachers and parents are inclined to interfere in the privacy of the adolescent.
As far as I am concerned, there is something on both sides. Sure enough, everyone has his or her privacy to a certain extent, and there is no exception with children and young people. But we can not go too far on this issue and regard everything as part of the inviolable privacy. On the other hand, parents and teachers have the right to know us on the basis of respect for our reasonable privacy.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. N 根据文章第一段中的overexploits the world's resources（过度开发世界上的资源）和 beyond our ecological means（超出我们的生态承受力）可判断本说法与原文不符。
