考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记。
下面对1994年—2007年的考研英语真题阅读理解Part A部分进行深度剖析：
TEXT 1 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon?Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winterborn babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccermad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.
Anders Ericsson, a 58yearold psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers.“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson recalls.“He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice.Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born.
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
［A］stress the importance of professional training.
［B］spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
［C］introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
［D］explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means
［A］fun.
［B］craze.
［C］hysteria.
［D］excitement.
23. According to Ericsson, good memory
［A］depends on meaningful processing of information.
［B］results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
［C］is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
［D］requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
［A］talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
［B］biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
［C］the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
［D］high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?
［A］ “Faith will move mountains.”
［B］ “One reaps what one sows.”
［C］ “Practice makes perfect.”
［D］ “Like father, like son.”
注：1.本书单词右上角标注的数字是该单词在历年真题（1994年—2008年）中出现的次数。
2.单词词义前标注的“①、②”等数字表示该单词同一词性的不同词义。
3.在《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》精读版中本书单词均配有真题例句。
ability15［E5biliti］n.①能力，智能；②才能，才干
account 22［E5kaunt］n.①账（目，户）；②叙述，说明；③价值，地位；v.（for）①说明，解释；②占；③（take into ）考虑；顾及
achieve12［E5tFi:v］v.①完成，实现；②达到，达成，获得
act11［Akt］v.①行动，做事；②（on）起作用；③表演；④（for）代表，代替；n.①行为，动作；②（一）幕；③法令，条例
annual5［5AnjuEl］a.每年的，年度的；n.年刊，年鉴
ballet1［5bAlei］n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞乐曲
capacity8［kE5pAsiti］n.①容量，容积；②能量，能力；③接受力；④生产力
certificate2［sE5tifikit］n.证（明）书，执照
cognitive1［5kCgnitiv］a.认知的，认识的，有感知的
colleague4［5kCli:g］n.同事，同僚
conceive2［kEn5si:v］v.①（of）设想，构思，想像；②以为；③怀胎，怀有
concentrate3［5kCnsentreit］v.①（on）集中，专心；②浓缩；n.浓缩物
conclude5［kEn5klu:d］v.①结束，终结；②断定，下结论；③缔结，议定
conduct7［5kCndQkt］n.①行为，举动，品行；②引导，经营，实施，处理；v.①引导，带领；②处理，管理；③指挥（乐队）；④传导，传（热，电等）
confer2［kEn5fE:］v.①商谈，商议；②授予，赋予
convey3［kEn5vei］v.①运送，搬运，转运；②传达，传播
data22［5deitE］n.（datum的复数）资料，数据
deliberate2［di5libEreit］a.深思熟虑的，故意的
depend16［di5pend］ v.（on）取决于，依靠，信赖，相信
detail7［5di:teil］n.细节，详情；v.详述
dominate3［5dCmineit］v.①支配，统治，控制；②占优势
elite4［ei5li:t］n.①［总称］上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团；②出类拔萃的人（集团），精英
engineering1［7endVi5niEriN］n.工程学
entail2［in5teil］vt.①需要，伴随；②限定继承
excitement2［ik5saitmEnt］n.刺激，激动
exhibit2［ig5zibit］v.展出，陈列
experiment11［iks5perimEnt］n.试验；v.（on）做实验
expert14［5ekspE:t］ n.专家，能手；a.①熟练的，有经验的；②专门的，专家的
factor12［5fAktE］n.因素，要素
feedback1［5fi:dbAk］n.反馈
genetic2［dVi5netik］a.遗传的，起源的
immediate6［i5mi:djEt］a.①立即的，即时的；②直接的，最接近的
importance10［im5pC:tEns］n.重要，重要性
information44［7infE5meiFEn］n.①通知，报告；②情报，信息
involve20［in5vClv］v.①卷入，陷入，连累；②包含，含有，涉及
laboratory3［lE5bCrEtEri］n.实验室
lead21［li:d］v.①领导，引导；②领先，占首位；③（to）通向，导致，引起；④经验，过（生活）；n.带领，引导；n.铅
means32［mi:nz］n.方法，手段
nuclear3［5nju:kliE］a.①核心的，中心的；②原子核的，核能的
nurture1［5nE:tFE］n.养育，教育，教养，营养品；vt.养育，给与营养物，教养
obtain11［Eb5tein］v.获得，得到
opportunity11［7CpE5tju:niti］n.机会
outcome4［5autkQm］n.结果，成果
overlook3［7EuvE5luk］v.①看漏，忽略；②俯瞰，眺望；③宽容，放任
oxygen3［5CksidVEn］n.氧
paragraph66［5pArEgrB:f］n.①段，节；②小新闻，短评
peak1［pi:k］n.①山顶，最高点；②峰，山峰；a.高峰的，最高的
perfect5［5pE:fikt］a.①完善的，无瑕的；②完全的，十足的；v.使完美，改进
performance5［pE5fC:mEns］n.①履行，执行；②表演，演出；③性能，特性；④表现
phenomenon9［fi5nCminEn］n.［pl.phenomena］现象
process34［prE5ses］n.①过程，进程；②工序，制作法；③工艺；v.加工，处理
professional15［prE5feFEnl］a.职业的，专业的，专门的；n.专家，专业人员
psychology7［sai5kClEdVi］n.心理学，心理
pursuit6［pE5sju:t］n.①追赶，追求；②职业，工作
random3［5rAndEm］a.随机的，随意的；n.随机，随意
range6［reindV］n.①范围，距离，领域；②排列，连续；③（山）脉；④炉灶；v.排列成行
rank2［rANk］n.①军衔，社会阶层；②排，横列；v.①分等级，把…分类；②排列
reap1［ri:p］v.收割，收获
recall3［ri5kC:l］v.①回忆，回想；②撤消，收回
result37［ri5zQlt］n.结果，成果，成绩；v.①（in）导致，结果是；②（from）起因于，因…而造成
role22［rEul］n.①角色；②作用，任务
series5［5siEri:z］n.①一系列，连续；②丛书
setting6［5setiN］n.①安置，安装；②落山；③（固定东西的）柜架底座；④环境，背景
soccer4［5sCkE］n.足球
sow2［sEu］v.播种
span4［spAn］n.跨度，跨距
specific12［spi5sifik］a.①明确的，具体的；②特定的，特有的
startle2［5stB:tl］v.惊吓，使吃惊
stress9［stres］n.①压力，应力；②重音；v.强调，着重
subject13［5sQbdVikt］n.①主题，题目；②学科，科目；③主语；a.（to）易遭…的，受…支配的；v.（to）使遭到，使服从
superior1［sju:5piEriE］a.①优良的，卓越的；②（to）较…多的，优于…；n.上级，长官
surgery3［5sE:dVEri］n.①外科，外科学；②手术室，诊疗室
swamp1［swCmp］n.沼泽，沼地
switch4［switF］n.①开关；②转换；v.转变，转移
talent2［5tAlEnt］n.①才能，天资；②人才
tend26［tend］v.①趋向，往往是；②照料，看护
topic3［5tCpik］n.话题，主题，题目
trait3［treit］n.特征，特点，特性
word36［wE:d］n.①词，单词；②［常pl.］话；③消息，传说；④诺言，保证；v.用言语表达
according47［E5kC:diN］ad.依照，根据
assertion2［E5sE:FEn］n.主张，断言，声明
astrological1［9AstrE5lCdVikl］
a.占星的， 占星术的
biographical1［baiEu5^rAfikEl］a.传记的
concentration5［7kCnsen5treiFEn］n.集中，集合，合并
craze1［kreiz］n.狂热
digit3［5didVit］n.从0到9的任一数字
encode2［in5kEud］vt.①把（电文.情报等）译成电码（或密码）；②编码
genetically2［dVi5netikEli］ad.遗传地
hysteria1［his5tiEriE］n.歇斯底里
inborn1［5in5bC:n］a.天生的， 生来的， 先天的
mania1［5meinjE, niE］n.狂躁， 狂热
meaningful1［5mi:niNful］ a.意味深长的
meaningfully1［5mi:niNfuli］ad.意味深长地
memorize3［5memEraiz］ v.记住，记忆
noteworthy1［5nEutwE:Ti］a.值得注目的， 显著的
overrate1［5EuvE5reit］vt.对…估价过高
performer2［pE5fC:mE(r)］n.表演者
proverb1［5prCvE(:)b］n.谚语
psychological4［7saikE5lCdVikEl］a.心理（上）的
quirk1［kwE:k］n.奇事，巧合
spotlight1［5spCtlait］n.聚光灯；vt.使瞩目于 springtime1［5sprINtaIm］ n.春天， 春季
stamina1［5stAminE］n.毅力， 精力
statistics6［stE5tistiks］n.统计学，统计表
superstar2［5sju:pEstB:］n.超级明星
tournament1［5tuEnEmEnt］n.比赛，锦标赛，联赛
