话语分析中的基本概念

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		话语分析中的基本概念
		话语分析中的基本概念

基本信息·出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
·页码：164 页
·出版日期：2008年12月
·ISBN：7560077374/9787560077376
·条形码：9787560077376
·版本：第1版
·装帧：平装
·开本：16
·正文语种：英语
·丛书名：当代国外语言学与应用语言学文库
·外文书名：Analyzing Discourse:A Manual of Basic Conxepts

内容简介 《话语分析中的基本概念》以广义的功能语言学和认知语言学为理论依据，详解了话语分析中的一些基本、实用的概念，探讨了“语篇类型”、“话语的共同特点”、“参与者所指”等问题。作者不囿于一种理论，集各家所长，为读者提供了一种话语分析的研究方法。内文浅显易懂，篇幅适中，是理想的话语分析方面的入门书。
目录
Preface
1-4 Types of Text
1 Means of Production: Number of Speakers.
2 Type of Content: Text Genres
3 Manner of Production: Style and Register
4 Medium of Production: Oral Versus Written

5-15 Common Characteristics in Discourses
5 Coherence
6 Cohesion
7 Thematic Groupings and Thematic Discontinuities .
8 Text Charting
9 Mental Representations Revisited
10 Activation Status, Definiteness, and Referential Status
11 Discourse-Pragmatic Structuring of Sentences
12 Foreground and Background Information
13 Signaling Relations Between Propositions
14 The Reporting of Conversation
15 Conventionalized Aspects of Text Organization

16-18 Participant Reference
16 Basic Notions of Reference
17 Strategies of Reference
18 A Methodology for Analyzing Reference Patterns.
Appendices
Appendix A: “Winds of Terror” .
Appendix B: “The Train Ride”.
Appendix C: Extract from “The Healer and His Wife”
References
Index
……
序言 This manual has been written as an introduction to discourse analysis for future linguistic field workers. We believe that the most effective way for most people to leam how discourse works in a particular language is by interacting with discourse principles while analyzing texts from that language. We therefore present the essential minimum, the most basic concepts of discourse, as a foundation for subsequent in-depth analysis with field data. We also believe that basic discourse notions are invaluable in all aspects of a language program. Those aspects range from language learning to lexical, semantic, and morphosyntactic analysis, right on through to linguistic applications such as education and literature production, where clear communication is of fundamental importance.
Our goals for this manual imply a combination of features that we have not found elsewhere. First, we intend it to be practical, addressing issues commonly confronted by field linguists. Rather than attempting to apply a rigid theory or survey a variety of approaches, we provide a methodology that has been refined over years of use. Second, although we follow no rigid theory, we aim for more than a "grab bag" of diverse methodologies by attempting to present the material within a coherent and productive framework. Specifically, we follow a functional and cognitive approach that seems to be a good approximation of how discourse is actually produced and understood. Third, we have kept the manual brief. Most chapters are no longer than six pages, and the whole can be covered in fifteen classroom hours. Although our aim is introductory rather than comprehensive, we do provide references for further reading on the topics discussed.
文摘 Medium of Production: Oral Versus
Written
This chapter summarizes the most common differences that have been observed between oral and written texts of the same genre. Such differences show up, for instance, when comparing oral and written versions of a narrative given by an accomplished storyteller, or when comparing recorded and printed versions of a political address. As Bartsch says (1997:45), "Different genres have different features, and it is not helpful to compare oranges to apples." Consequently, comparisons between oral texts of one genre and written texts of another may be misleading (see Chafe 1985b for a comparison between dinner table conversation and academic prose which falls into this trap).
Bartsch's article not only compares an oral and a written version of the same narrative in an Algonquian language of North America, but also in cludes a useful bibliography of recent publications on variations between speech and writing.
4.1 Frequency of repetition
"Spoken language uses a lot of repetition. But in written language there is a limit to how much repetition can be tolerated by readers" (Aaron 1998:3).Bartsch's comparison of the oral and written forms of an Algonquian story revealed that the same teaching point was made four or five times in the oral version, but only once in the written one. Similarly, if a reported speech was longer than one sentence, the SPEECH ORIENTER (e.g., he sa/d, sometimes called "quotation margin", "quote tag", etc.) was often repeated in the oral version,but not in the written one.
A distinctive form of repetition frequently found in oral material is TAIL-HEAD LINKAGE (Thompson and Longacre 1985:209-213). This consists of the repetition in a subordinate clause, at the beginning (the "head") of a new sentence, of at least the main verb of the previous sentence (the "tail"),8 as in...he arrived at the house. When he arrived at the house, he saw a snake. Johnston (1976:66) found that tail-head linkage, cons
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