英语阅读理解解题方法之“蒙”（四）
学会应对阅读理解中的细节题
做细节事实题的方法。
事实理解题主要考查学生对文章中的细节与具体事实的把握能力，内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果和目的等，属于浅层次的理解题，难度较低。同学们需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文—段落—词语的步骤来解题。这些题目有两个共同特点：
第一，根据段落中主题句的名词粗略确定段落内容方向。利用题干提问的内容，大致定位对应的段落。利用题干中的重要信息词准确确定相关信息句，进行判断并确定细节题的正确答案。凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
第二，无中生有就是说选项中出现了原文没有提到或推导不出的形容词或名词。正反混淆选项的内容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。因果倒置选项中涉及的两部分之间的因果关系与原文所说的因果关系正好相反，将原文的因换成了果或者将原文的果换成了因。这些都是干扰项。干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。
因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。
细节事实题要先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。
做细节事实题我们甚至不需要通读全文，只需要先通读题目，然后带着问题到文章里面寻找答案就可以了。注意当看到对应问题的关键字出现时，一定要及时用笔画下来。大部分选项中的正确答案会是文章中的原句，我们可以一目了然的迅速选择出来。也有一些选项与文章原句表述方法并不完全一致，但意思是完全相同的，比如换个近义词或者做个同义句转化之类的，这就需要同学们仔细鉴别选项中答案的意思是否符合原文。
①下面就来解答一下09年中考英语阅读B篇的第一题：
When you cough or sneeze,you should____?（当你咳嗽或打喷嚏的时候，你应该…？）
A. touch everything B. cover your mouth
C. point out to the kids D. pass the germs to others
答案：B
解析：文章第一段很明确的说明了这一问题。When you cough or sneeze, you'd better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand.
另外此题也可当做常识题来做，无需看原文。因为其他三个选项（A 触摸一切东西，C 指出孩子 D 把细菌传染给别人）都是非常离谱的选项，我们可以通过很简单的常识就把它们筛选掉。
细节题还有这样的类型，考查形式是在选项中列举一些具体的事实，然后对上面的事实进行排序。要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。可以先找出最早的一个时间和事件把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
②In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits.Women did not walk about on the beach(沙滩)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine . Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stoped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.
In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?
a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machine
c. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machine
e. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the water
A. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f
C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c
③I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did.
How many children does the writer’s mother have?
A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six.
④When we cut down the rainforests, we destroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people in the Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.
The number of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was ______of that in 1900.
A. half B. one-third C. two-fifths D. one-fifth
调整心态，遇事不要急，遇题耐心审，细心去文章中寻找答案，一定可以突破这类题型！阅读能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一个过程。同学们应该持之以恒，进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践，提高阅读能力。
