TCPL - C++迭代器的用法 - 操作数组和数据流
C++的迭代器(iterator)是个非常好的技术,能灵活运用内带来很优雅的程序代码。
1 遍历数组最简单的也是最常用的就是遍历访问一个数组了,如检查一个字符串里面是否含有某个字符:
bool has_c(const string& s, char c) // does s contain the character c?{auto p = find(s.begin(),s.end(),c);if (p!=s.end())return true;elsereturn false;}
C++的数组访问习惯就是,到了end()就代表遍历结束。其中end位置是代表最后一个元素的下个位置。
当然程序可以进一步简化:
bool has_c(const string& s, char c) // does s contain the character c?{return find(s.begin(),s.end(),c)!=s.end();}
#include<iostream>#include<vector>#include<string>#include<list>using namespace std;template<typename C, typename V>vector<typename C::iterator>find_all(C& c,V v){//Caution!:: You just have to add every typename befor C,//if the C need to use :://The typename is needed to inform the compiler that C’s iterator is supposed to be a type and not a value of some type, say, the integer 7.vector<typename C::iterator>res;for(auto p=c.begin();p!=c.end();++p)if(*p==v)res.push_back(p);return res;}void test(){string m=("Mary hod o little lomb");cout<<m<<endl;for(auto p:find_all(m,'o'))*p = 'a';cout<<m<<endl;double dou[] = {1.1,2.2,3.3,4.5,2.3,2.2};list<double> ld(dou,dou+6);for(auto x:ld)cout<<x<<" ";cout<<endl;for(auto p:find_all(ld,2.2))*p = 100.0;for(auto x:ld)cout<<x<<" ";cout<<endl;}int main(){test();return 0;}
如下把string写到cout中去,其实就是把字符输出到屏幕上:
ostream_iterator<string> oo {cout};
int main(){?oo = "Hello, "; //就是cout<<"Hello, "++oo;?oo = "world!\n"; //就是cout<<"wor ld!\n"}
对上面的oo赋值就相当于赋值给cout,也就是可以在屏幕上显示出来。
同样道理可以操作输入流:
istream_iterator<string> ii {cin};
有点不同的就是我们可以指定其输入的结束符,列如下面就是其默认的结束符,一般txt文本中都有自动带上这样的结束符的。
istream_iterator<string> eos {};
总结:
对比一般用下标的编程法,就会觉得用迭代器会大大减少下标出错的几率。
Reference:The C++ Programming Language 4ed