Spring的注解,带一小例子
这里使用Spring3.0+Hibernate3.3作为例子。
例子中的实体类也是用的Hibernate注解里的实体(上一篇Blog)
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一、Spring的一些常用注解
1.@Autowired注解(不推荐使用,建议使用@Resource)
@Autowired可以对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作。@Autowired的标注位置不同,它们都会在Spring在初始化这个bean时,自动装配这个属性。
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2.@Resource注解?
JSR-250标准注解,推荐使用它来代替Spring专有的@Autowired注解。@Resource的作用相当于@Autowired,只不过@Autowired按byType自动注入,而@Resource默认按byName自动注入罢了。@Resource有两个属性是比较重要的,分别是name和type,Spring将 @Resource注解的name属性解析为bean的名字,而type属性则解析为bean的类型。所以如果使用name属性,则使用byName的自动注入策略,而使用type属性时则使用byType自动注入策略。如果既不指定name也不指定type属性,这时将通过反射机制使用byName自动注入策略。
@Resource装配顺序:
a.如果同时指定了name和type,则从Spring上下文中找到唯一匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常
b.如果指定了name,则从上下文中查找名称(id)匹配的bean进行装配,找不到则抛出异常
c.如果指定了type,则从上下文中找到类型匹配的唯一bean进行装配,找不到或者找到多个,都会抛出异常
d.如果既没有指定name,又没有指定type,则自动按照byName方式进行装配(见2);如果没有匹配,则回退为一个原始类型(UserDao)进行匹配,如果匹配则自动装配
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3.@Component注解 (不推荐使用)
只需要在对应的类上加上一个@Component注解,就将该类定义为一个Bean了。Spring还提供了更加细化的注解形式:@Repository、@Service、@Controller,它们分别对应存储层Bean,业务层Bean,和展示层Bean。这些注解与@Component的语义是一样的,完全通用,在Spring以后的版本中可能会给它们追加更多的语义。所以,我们推荐使用@Repository、@Service、@Controller来替@Component。
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二、Spring3.0的头部文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"></beans>
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三、dao和daoImpl
dao:
package org.e276.dao;import java.util.List;import org.e276.entity.Employee;/** * 接口 * * @author miao * */public interface EmployeeDao {/** * 根据id查询员工 * * @param id * @return */public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id);/** * 删除多个员工 * * @param ids * @return */public int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids);/** * 查询所有的工资,并按升序排序 * * @return */public List<Employee> findAllEmployees();/** * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息 * * @return */public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();}
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daoImpl:
package org.e276.dao.impl;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.util.List;import org.e276.dao.EmployeeDao;import org.e276.entity.Employee;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.criterion.DetachedCriteria;import org.hibernate.criterion.Order;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback;import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/** * 接口实现类 * * @author miao * */@Repository("employeeDao")public class EmployeeDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements EmployeeDao {/** * 注入会话工厂,方法名字在可以随便起,给Spring用来注入 */@Autowiredpublic void injectSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);}@Overridepublic Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id) {return super.getHibernateTemplate().get(Employee.class, id);}@Overridepublic int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids) {int count = 0;for (Integer id : ids) {super.getHibernateTemplate().bulkUpdate("delete from Employee where id=?", id);count++;}return count;}@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@Overridepublic List<Employee> findAllEmployees() {DetachedCriteria criteria = DetachedCriteria.forClass(Employee.class);criteria.addOrder((Order.asc("salary")));return super.getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(criteria);}@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })@Overridepublic List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {return (List<Employee>) super.getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback() {String sql = "select id, name, sex, salary, birthday, depart_id from employee where salary>(select avg(salary) from employee)";@Overridepublic Object doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {Query query = session.createSQLQuery(sql).addEntity(Employee.class);return query.list();}});}}
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四、biz和bizImpl
biz:
package org.e276.biz;import java.util.List;import org.e276.entity.Employee;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;/** * 业务接口 * * @author miao * */public interface EmployeeBiz {/** * 根据id查询员工 * * @param id * @return */public Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id);/** * 删除多个员工,支持注解事务 * * @param ids * @return */@Transactionalpublic int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids);/** * 查询所有的工资,并按升序排序 * @return */public List<Employee> findAllEmployees();/** * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息 * @return */public List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();}
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bizImpl:
package org.e276.biz.impl;import java.util.List;import org.e276.biz.EmployeeBiz;import org.e276.dao.EmployeeDao;import org.e276.entity.Employee;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * 业务接口实现类 * @author miao * */@Service("employeeBiz")public class EmployeeBizImpl implements EmployeeBiz {//无需set方法@Autowiredprivate EmployeeDao employeeDao;@Overridepublic Employee findEmployeeById(Integer id) {return employeeDao.findEmployeeById(id);}@Overridepublic int deleteEmployees(Integer... ids) {return employeeDao.deleteEmployees(ids);}@Overridepublic List<Employee> findAllEmployees() {return employeeDao.findAllEmployees();}@Overridepublic List<Employee> findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {return employeeDao.findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();}}
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五、Spring的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"><!-- 哪个包里面的类由Spring管理 --><context:component-scan base-package="org.e276" /><!-- 表示隐式的向Spring容器注册 --><context:annotation-config /><!-- 会话工厂 --><bean id="sessionFactory"value="file:src/hibernate.cfg.xml"></property></bean><!-- 事务管理器 --><bean id="transactionManager"/></property></bean><!-- 有关注解式事务的配置 --><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /></beans>
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六、测试类
package org.e276.test;import java.util.List;import org.e276.biz.EmployeeBiz;import org.e276.entity.Employee;import org.junit.After;import org.junit.AfterClass;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.BeforeClass;import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/** * 测试类 * * @author miao * */public class SpringEmployee {static ApplicationContext context;EmployeeBiz employeeBiz;@BeforeClasspublic static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");}@AfterClasspublic static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {context = null;}@Beforepublic void setUp() throws Exception {employeeBiz = context.getBean("employeeBiz", EmployeeBiz.class);}@Afterpublic void tearDown() throws Exception {employeeBiz = null;}/** * 根据id查询员工 */public void findEmployeeById() {Employee employee = employeeBiz.findEmployeeById(1000);System.out.println(employee);}/** * 删除多条记录 删除编号50,100,150的员工 */public void deleteEmployees() {int row = employeeBiz.deleteEmployees(50, 100, 150);System.out.println("共" + row + "条记录被删除!");}/** * 查询所有的员工,并按工资升序排序 */public void findAllEmployees() {List<Employee> list = employeeBiz.findAllEmployees();for (Employee employee : list) {System.out.println(employee);}}/** * 查询所有大于平均工资的员工信息 */@Testpublic void findEmployeeGtAvgSalary() {List<Employee> list = employeeBiz.findEmployeeGtAvgSalary();for (Employee employee : list) {System.out.println(employee);}}}
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七、demo
E276-Annotation.zip