int v; // we want to find the sign of v int sign; // the result goes here
// CHAR_BIT is the number of bits per byte (normally 8). sign = -(v < 0); // if v < 0 then -1, else 0. // or, to avoid branching on CPUs with flag registers (IA32): sign = -(int)((unsigned int)((int)v) >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)); // or, for one less instruction (but not portable): sign = v >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1); The last expression above evaluates to sign = v >> 31 for 32-bit integers. This is one operation faster than the obvious way, sign = -(v < 0). This trick works because when signed integers are shifted right, the value of the far left bit is copied to the other bits. The far left bit is 1 when the value is negative and 0 otherwise; all 1 bits gives -1. Unfortunately, this behavior is architecture-specific. Alternatively, if you prefer the result be either -1 or +1, then use:
sign = +1 [解决办法] (v >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)); // if v < 0 then -1, else +1 On the other hand, if you prefer the result be either -1, 0, or +1, then use:
sign = (v != 0) [解决办法] -(int)((unsigned int)((int)v) >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)); // Or, for more speed but less portability: sign = (v != 0) [解决办法] (v >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)); // -1, 0, or +1 // Or, for portability, brevity, and (perhaps) speed: sign = (v > 0) - (v < 0); // -1, 0, or +1 If instead you want to know if something is non-negative, resulting in +1 or else 0, then use: sign = 1 ^ ((unsigned int)v >> (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)); // if v < 0 then 0, else 1 Caveat: On March 7, 2003, Angus Duggan pointed out that the 1989 ANSI C specification leaves the result of signed right-shift implementation-defined, so on some systems this hack might not work. For greater portability, Toby Speight suggested on September 28, 2005 that CHAR_BIT be used here and throughout rather than assuming bytes were 8 bits long. Angus recommended the more portable versions above, involving casting on March 4, 2006. Rohit Garg suggested the version for non-negative integers on September 12, 2009.