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Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not

2013-03-14 
Toast和Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Cant create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.pr

Toast和Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)

(1) Looper类别用来为一个线程开启一个消息循环。默认情况下Android中新诞生的线程是没有开启消息循环的。(主线程除外,主线程系统会自动为其创建Looper对象,开启消息循环)

Looper对象通过MessageQueue来存放消息和事件。一个线程只能有一个Looper,对应一个MessageQueue。


(2) 通常是通过Handler对象来与Looper交互的。Handler可看做是Looper的一个接口,用来向指定的Looper发送消息及定义处理方法。

默认情况下Handler会与其被定义时所在线程的Looper绑定,比如,在主线程中定义,其是与主线程的Looper绑定。

mainHandler = new Handler() 等价于new Handler(Looper.myLooper()).

Looper.myLooper():Return the Looper object associated with the current thread 获取当前进程的looper对象。

还有一个类似的 Looper.getMainLooper() 用于获取主线程的Looper对象。


(3) 在非主线程中直接new Handler() 会报如下的错误:

E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): Uncaught handler: thread Thread-8 exiting due to uncaught exception
E/AndroidRuntime( 6173): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()

原因是非主线程中默认没有创建Looper对象,需要先调用Looper.prepare()启用Looper。

 

(4) Looper.loop(); 让Looper开始工作,从消息队列里取消息,处理消息。

注意:写在Looper.loop()之后的代码不会被执行,这个函数内部应该是一个循环,当调用mHandler.getLooper().quit()后,loop才会中止,其后的代码才能得以运行。

 

(5) 基于以上知识,可实现主线程给子线程(非主线程)发送消息。

 

Toast或者Dialog中都有一个Handler的成员变量,在初始化时都会跟着初始化,而Toast或者Dialog中的Handler都需要一个Looper,所以需要在包含该Toast或者Dialog的线程中(如下面的Timer线程)初始化Looper。Looper.prepare();

问题代码:

 Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
    private Handler myHandler = new Handler() {public void handleMessage(Message msg) { Timer timer = new Timer();timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Overridepublic void run() {InputMethodManager m = (InputMethodManager) editText.getContext().getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);m.showSoftInput(editText, 0);//Looper.prepare();Toast.makeText(Main.this, "show", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();Looper.loop();}}, 1000); }}

     

     

    Toast 和 Looper,一个属于 android.widget,一个属于 android.os,两个貌似联系不怎么紧密的类,却通过下面这个异常联系到了一起:

     Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
      E/AndroidRuntime( 1819): java.lang.RuntimeException: Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()E/AndroidRuntime( 1819): at android.os.Handler.<init>(Handler.java:121)E/AndroidRuntime( 1819): at android.widget.Toast.<init>(Toast.java:68)E/AndroidRuntime( 1819): at android.widget.Toast.makeText(Toast.java:231)

       

      Handler.java:121

       Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
        119 mLooper = Looper.myLooper();120 if (mLooper == null) {121 throw new RuntimeException(122 "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");}

         

        Toast.java:68 ——>成员变量,在初始化时会跟着初始化

         Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
          68 final Handler mHandler = new Handler();

          由以上的错误信息可以看出:程序要创建 handler,但是发现Looper.prepare还没有被调用。通过 Android SDK 中的Reference可以看到,Looper、Handler 的调用是非常有讲究的,如下面示例代码:

           

           Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
            class LooperThread extends Thread { public Handler mHandler; public void run() { Looper.prepare(); mHandler = new Handler() { public void handleMessage(Message msg) { // process incoming messages here } }; Looper.loop(); }}

             言归正题,继续寻找 Toast、Looper 和 Handler 三者之间的联系,也许谜底就能解开了。欲揭谜底,从源码入手是一条捷径。

            Toast.java 的第231行的代码是创建一个新的Toast实例,而实例化的过程中,就需要执行第68行,也就是声明并创建Handler(成员变量)的实例。那么来看Handler.java的第121行到底做了什么,如下所示:

             Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
              119 mLooper = Looper.myLooper();120 if (mLooper == null) {121 throw new RuntimeException(122 "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");}

               到此,距离真相的解开近了一大步,既然抛出了 RuntimeException,那么 mLooper 肯定是 null,但是为什么 Looper.myLooper() 会返回 null?继续进入到 Looper.java 中寻根究底。

               

               Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)Toast跟Looper。Handler消息循环机制 ( Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare)
                /** * Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns * null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper. */public static final Looper myLooper() { return (Looper)sThreadLocal.get();}

                 以上就是 myLooper() 方法的真实面貌,通过注释可以看出问题的真正原因在于当前线程并没有绑定 Looper,返回为 null 是正确但非正常的结果。

                 

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