【开源自动化测试疑难FAQ】【WebDriver】WebDriver启动时白屏挂起问题解决方法
WebDriver启动的时候很容易无限挂起，直到外围框架设定的超时时间达到而退出运行，给测试运行带来很大的困扰。而实际上WebDriver有一组timeout的设置方法，启动时的挂起属于页面加载的范畴，所以可以考虑用timeouts().pageLoadTimeout()来重新启动一个有效的实例来执行测试。
/** * Description: catch page load timeout Exception and restart a new session.</BR> * 内容描述：通过页面跳转是否超时来测试WebDriver启动时是否发生挂死异常。 * * @param driver RemoteWebDriver object. * @param browser the browser mode. * @param testUrl the url used to navigate by the driver.get method. * @throws Exception */private boolean hasLoadPageSucceeded(RemoteWebDriver driver, String browser, String testUrl) throws Exception {try {driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);driver.get(testUrl);return true;} catch (TimeoutException te) {LOG.error("******************本次启动WebDriver异常挂起******************");setBuildEnvChoice(browser);driverObjectInitalize();return false;}}/** * Description: catch page load timeout Exception and restart a new session.</BR> * 内容描述：循环一定次数测试WebDriver启动是否挂死。 * * @param driver RemoteWebDriver object. * @param browser the browser mode. * @param testUrl the url used to navigate by the driver.get method. * @param repeatTimes retry times. * @throws Exception */private void driverStatusTest(RemoteWebDriver driver, String browser, String testUrl, int repeatTimes) throws Exception {int index = 0;boolean suspended = true;while (index < repeatTimes && suspended){suspended = !hasLoadPageSucceeded(driver, browser, testUrl);index ++;}if (index == repeatTimes && suspended){throw new RuntimeException("can not start webdriver successfully, it's suspended!");}}/** * Description: start webdirver after capability settings completed.</BR> * 内容描述：在做好配置之后创建WebDriver实例。 * * @throwsException */private String driverObjectInitalize() throws Exception{if (USE_DRIVERSERVER){//是否使用IEDirverServerdriver = new RemoteWebDriver(service.getUrl(), capability);return service.getUrl().toString();}else{URL url = new URL("http://localhost:" + server.getPort() + "/wd/hub");driver = new RemoteWebDriver(url, capability);return "http://localhost:" + server.getPort() + "/wd/hub";}}/** * Description: start webdirver</BR> * 内容描述：启动WebDriver实例。 * * @param browser the browser mode * @throws RuntimeException */protected void startWebDriver(String browser) {try {setBrowserMode(browser);String url = driverObjectInitalize();//about:blank is useless on some machines.driverStatusTest(driver, browser, url, 2);driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(maxWaitfor, TimeUnit.SECONDS);driver.manage().timeouts().setScriptTimeout(maxWaitfor, TimeUnit.SECONDS);driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(maxLoadTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS);} catch (Exception e) {LOG.error(e);throw new RuntimeException(e);}}/** * Description: set browser mode on local machines: do not close browsers already opened.</BR> * 内容描述：选择在本机执行，有人工干预，无需杀掉浏览器进程。 * * @throws Exception */private void setBrowserMode(String browser) throws Exception{if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("ie") || browser.toLowerCase().contains("internetexplorer")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.internetExplorer();} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("ff") || browser.toLowerCase().contains("firefox")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("chrome")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.chrome();} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("safari")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.safari();} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("opera")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.opera();} else if (browser.toLowerCase().contains("htmlunit")) {capability = DesiredCapabilities.htmlUnit();} else {throw new IllegalArgumentException("you are using wrong mode of browser paltform!");}}