SQL单表 动态行转列
有多少行 转出来就应该有多少列。。
我对SQL语句不熟悉，求帮助。。
[最优解释]
网上转的：
--行列互转
/******************************************************************************************************************************************************
以学生成绩为例子，比较形象易懂
整理人：中国风(Roy)
日期:2008.06.06
******************************************************************************************************************************************************/
--1、行互列
--> --> (Roy)生成測試數據
if not object_id('Class') is null
drop table Class
Go
Create table Class([Student] nvarchar(2),[Course] nvarchar(2),[Score] int)
Insert Class
select N'张三',N'语文',78 union all
select N'张三',N'数学',87 union all
select N'张三',N'英语',82 union all
select N'张三',N'物理',90 union all
select N'李四',N'语文',65 union all
select N'李四',N'数学',77 union all
select N'李四',N'英语',65 union all
select N'李四',N'物理',85
Go
--2000方法:
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
set @s=''
Select@s=@s+','+quotename([Course])+'=max(case when [Course]='+quotename([Course],'''')+' then [Score] else 0 end)'
from Class group by[Course]
exec('select [Student]'+@s+' from Class group by [Student]')
生成静态:
select
[Student],
[数学]=max(case when [Course]='数学' then [Score] else 0 end),
[物理]=max(case when [Course]='物理' then [Score] else 0 end),
[英语]=max(case when [Course]='英语' then [Score] else 0 end),
[语文]=max(case when [Course]='语文' then [Score] else 0 end)
from
Class
group by [Student]
GO
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
Select@s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename([Course]) from Class group by[Course]
exec('select * from Class pivot (max([Score]) for [Course] in('+@s+'))b')
生成静态:
select *
from
Class
pivot
(max([Score]) for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b
生成格式:
/*
Student 数学 物理 英语 语文
------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
李四 77 85 65 65
张三 87 90 82 78
(2 行受影响)
*/
------------------------------------------------------
go
--加上总成绩(学科平均分)
--2000方法:
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
set @s=''
Select@s=@s+','+quotename([Course])+'=max(case when [Course]='+quotename([Course],'''')+' then [Score] else 0 end)'
from Class group by[Course]
exec('select [Student]'+@s+',[总成绩]=sum([Score]) from Class group by [Student]')--加多一列(学科平均分用avg([Score]))
生成动态:
select
[Student],
[数学]=max(case when [Course]='数学' then [Score] else 0 end),
[物理]=max(case when [Course]='物理' then [Score] else 0 end),
[英语]=max(case when [Course]='英语' then [Score] else 0 end),
[语文]=max(case when [Course]='语文' then [Score] else 0 end),
[总成绩]=sum([Score]) --加多一列(学科平均分用avg([Score]))
from
Class
group by [Student]
go
--2005方法:
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
Select@s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename([Course]) from Class group by[Course] --isnull(@s+',','') 去掉字符串@s中第一个逗号
exec('select [Student],'+@s+',[总成绩] from (select *,[总成绩]=sum([Score])over(partition by [Student]) from Class) a
pivot (max([Score]) for [Course] in('+@s+'))b ')
生成静态:
select
[Student],[数学],[物理],[英语],[语文],[总成绩]
from
(select *,[总成绩]=sum([Score])over(partition by [Student]) from Class) a --平均分时用avg([Score])
pivot
(max([Score]) for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b
生成格式:
/*
Student 数学 物理 英语 语文 总成绩
------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
李四 77 85 65 65 292
张三 87 90 82 78 337
(2 行受影响)
*/
go
--2、列转行
--> --> (Roy)生成測試數據
if not object_id('Class') is null
drop table Class
Go
Create table Class([Student] nvarchar(2),[数学] int,[物理] int,[英语] int,[语文] int)
Insert Class
select N'李四',77,85,65,65 union all
select N'张三',87,90,82,78
Go
--2000:
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
select @s=isnull(@s+' union all ','')+'select [Student],[Course]='+quotename(Name,'''')--isnull(@s+' union all ','') 去掉字符串@s中第一个union all
+',[Score]='+quotename(Name)+' from Class'
from syscolumns where ID=object_id('Class') and Name not in('Student')--排除不转换的列
order by Colid
exec('select * from ('+@s+')t order by [Student],[Course]')--增加一个排序
生成静态:
select *
from (select [Student],[Course]='数学',[Score]=[数学] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='物理',[Score]=[物理] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='英语',[Score]=[英语] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='语文',[Score]=[语文] from Class)t
order by [Student],[Course]
go
--2005:
动态:
declare @s nvarchar(4000)
select @s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename(Name)
from syscolumns where ID=object_id('Class') and Name not in('Student')
order by Colid
exec('select Student,[Course],[Score] from Class unpivot ([Score] for [Course] in('+@s+'))b')
go
select
Student,[Course],[Score]
from
Class
unpivot
([Score] for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b
生成格式:
/*
Student Course Score
------- ------- -----------
李四 数学 77
李四 物理 85
李四 英语 65
李四 语文 65
张三 数学 87
张三 物理 90
张三 英语 82
张三 语文 78
(8 行受影响)
*/
[其他解释]
参考
[其他解释]
--创建表并初始化数据
IF(OBJECT_ID('TA','U') IS NOT NULL) DROP TABLE TA
CREATE TABLE TA(Tname VARCHAR(50),Tage INT,Tsex VARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO TA
SELECT '张三',15,'男' UNION ALL
SELECT '李四',20,'女' UNION ALL
SELECT '王五',18,'女' UNION ALL
SELECT '陈七',21,'男' UNION ALL
SELECT '小明',21,'男' UNION ALL
SELECT '小李',22,'女' UNION ALL
SELECT '小王',21,'男'
---创建临时表 用以保存某一个字段中所有的值
IF(OBJECT_ID('TB','U') IS NOT NULL ) DROP TABLE TB
CREATE TABLE TB(C VARCHAR(100))
DECLARE @col VARCHAR(50)='',@tempSql VARCHAR(MAX)=''
DECLARE my_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT 'INSERT INTO TB SELECT ['+C.name+'] FROM TA' FROM sys.tables AS T
JOIN sys.[columns] AS C ON T.[object_id]=C.[object_id]
WHERE T.name='TA'
OPEN my_cursor
FETCH NEXT FROM my_cursor INTO @col
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
--获得字段的值
TRUNCATE TABLE TB
EXEC(@col)
--拼接所得到的值
DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(MAX)=''
SELECT @sql=@sql+''''+C+''''+',' FROM TB
SET @sql=LEFT(@sql,LEN(@sql)-1)
SET @tempSql=@tempSql+' SELECT ' +@sql+ ' UNION ALL '
PRINT(@tempSql)
FETCH NEXT FROM my_cursor INTO @col
END
CLOSE my_cursor
DEALLOCATE my_cursor
SET @tempSql=LEFT(@tempSql,LEN(@tempSql)-5)
EXEC(@tempSql)
--删除临时存储的表
DROP TABLE TB
--结果
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
张三 李四 王五 陈七 小明 小李 小王
15 20 18 21 21 22 21
男 女 女 男 男 女 男
USE test
go
-->生成表t1
--if object_id('[Test_Table]') is not null
--drop table [Test_Table]
--Go
--CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Test_Table](
--[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
--[StainsDetail] [int] NULL,
--[GetDate] [datetime] NULL,
--[IncubationTime] [varchar](50) NULL,
--[PHInstrument] [numeric](18, 2) NULL,
--[PHSite] [numeric](18, 2) NULL,
--[SugarAmount] [numeric](18, 2) NULL,
--[OD] [numeric](18, 2) NULL,
--[ODMultiple] [int] NULL,
--[StrainsStatus] [varchar](1) NULL,
--[CreateDate] [datetime] NULL,
--[CreatePerson] [int] NULL,
--[LastEditDate] [datetime] NULL,
--[LastEditPerson] [int] NULL,
-- CONSTRAINT [PK_Test_Table] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
--(
--[ID] ASC
--)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
--) ON [PRIMARY]
--
--GO
--
--INSERT dbo.Test_Table(GetDate,IncubationTime,PHInstrument,PHSite,SugarAmount,OD,ODMultiple,StrainsStatus)
--SELECT '2012-11-05 00:00:00.000','氨后','221.00','2.00','2.00','2.00','22','+' UNION ALL
--SELECT '2012-11-19 00:00:00.000','种后','2123.00','21321.00','321.00','321.00','321','-'
----------------------------------------
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @sql='SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+CONVERT(VARCHAR(23),GetDate,121)+''' As Result_'+LTRIM(ROW_NUMBER()OVER(ORDER BY GetDate())) FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(IncubationTime,'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(LTRIM(PHInstrument),'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(LTRIM(PHSite),'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(LTRIM(SugarAmount),'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(LTRIM(OD),'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(LTRIM(ODMultiple),'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=@sql+NCHAR(13)+NCHAR(10)+'UNION ALL SELECT '
SELECT @sql=@sql+','+'N'''+ISNULL(StrainsStatus,'')+'''' FROM Test_Table
SET @sql=REPLACE(@sql,'SELECT ,','SELECT ')
EXEC(@sql)
