忘记李刚,一步一步跟我学Struts2 —— 拦截器详解
专栏地址:http://www.iteye.com/wiki/struts2/1397-deep-into-struts2-interceptors
在之前的文章中,我们已经涉及到了拦截器(Interceptor)的概念。
图中,我们可以发现,Struts2的Interceptor一层一层,把Action包裹在最里面。这样的结构,大概有以下一些特点:
1. 整个结构就如同一个堆栈,除了Action以外,堆栈中的其他元素是Interceptor
2. Action位于堆栈的底部。由于堆栈"先进后出"的特性,如果我们试图把Action拿出来执行,我们必须首先把位于Action上端的Interceptor拿出来执行。这样,整个执行就形成了一个递归调用
3. 每个位于堆栈中的Interceptor,除了需要完成它自身的逻辑,还需要完成一个特殊的执行职责。这个执行职责有3种选择:
1) 中止整个执行,直接返回一个字符串作为resultCode
2) 通过递归调用负责调用堆栈中下一个Interceptor的执行
3) 如果在堆栈内已经不存在任何的Interceptor,调用Action
Struts2的拦截器结构的设计,实际上是一个典型的责任链模式的应用。首先将整个执行划分成若干相同类型的元素,每个元素具备不同的逻辑责任,并将他们纳入到一个链式的数据结构中(我们可以把堆栈结构也看作是一个递归的链式结构),而每个元素又有责任负责链式结构中下一个元素的执行调用。
这样的设计,从代码重构的角度来看,实际上是将一个复杂的系统,分而治之,从而使得每个部分的逻辑能够高度重用并具备高度可扩展性。所以,Interceptor结构实在是Struts2/Xwork设计中的精华之笔。
Interceptor执行分析
Interceptor的定义
我们来看一下Interceptor的接口的定义:
public interface Interceptor extends Serializable { /** * Called to let an interceptor clean up any resources it has allocated. */ void destroy(); /** * Called after an interceptor is created, but before any requests are processed using * {@link #intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation) intercept} , giving * the Interceptor a chance to initialize any needed resources. */ void init(); /** * Allows the Interceptor to do some processing on the request before and/or after the rest of the processing of the * request by the {@link ActionInvocation} or to short-circuit the processing and just return a String return code. * * @return the return code, either returned from {@link ActionInvocation#invoke()}, or from the interceptor itself. * @throws Exception any system-level error, as defined in {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action#execute()}. */ String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;}
public abstract class AroundInterceptor extends AbstractInterceptor {/* (non-Javadoc) * @see com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor#intercept(com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionInvocation) */@Overridepublic String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {String result = null; before(invocation); // 调用下一个拦截器,如果拦截器不存在,则执行Action result = invocation.invoke(); after(invocation, result); return result;}public abstract void before(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception;public abstract void after(ActionInvocation invocation, String resultCode) throws Exception;}
public interface PreResultListener { /** * This callback method will be called after the Action execution and before the Result execution. * * @param invocation * @param resultCode */ void beforeResult(ActionInvocation invocation, String resultCode);}
/** * @throws ConfigurationException If no result can be found with the returned code */public String invoke() throws Exception { String profileKey = "invoke: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey); if (executed) { throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed"); } // 依次调用拦截器堆栈中的拦截器代码执行 if (interceptors.hasNext()) { final InterceptorMapping interceptor = (InterceptorMapping) interceptors.next(); UtilTimerStack.profile("interceptor: "+interceptor.getName(), new UtilTimerStack.ProfilingBlock<String>() {public String doProfiling() throws Exception { // 将ActionInvocation作为参数,调用interceptor中的intercept方法执行 resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this); return null;} }); } else { resultCode = invokeActionOnly(); } // this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will // return above and flow through again if (!executed) { // 执行PreResultListener if (preResultListeners != null) { for (Iterator iterator = preResultListeners.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) iterator.next(); String _profileKey="preResultListener: "; try { UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey); listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode); } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey); } } } // now execute the result, if we're supposed to // action与interceptor执行完毕,执行Result if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) { executeResult(); } executed = true; } return resultCode; } finally { UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey); }}
resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);
public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {String result = null; before(invocation); // 调用invocation的invoke()方法,在这里形成了递归调用 result = invocation.invoke(); after(invocation, result); return result;}