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spring引语实例二

2012-10-24 
spring注解实例二昨天对Spring注解有了一个整体认识,至少完成了一个简单的web应用搭建。当然,还不完善,这仅

spring注解实例二

昨天对Spring注解有了一个整体认识,至少完成了一个简单的web应用搭建。当然,还不完善,这仅仅只是个开始!
今天看了Spring 3.0的注解,我感觉自己被颠覆了。多年前,为了减少代码依赖我们用配置文件进行模块间耦合,降低模块之间的黏度。现如今,所有可配置的内容都塞进了代码中,我只能说:这多少有点顾此失彼,有点倒退的意思!使用注解的好处是:代码通读性增强。这既是优势也是劣势!如果我要改一段配置,就要打开代码逐行扫描;如果恰巧这是别人封装的jar包,那我只好反编译;如果碰巧遇上这个jar包经过了混淆,那我只好求助于AOP了。spring引语实例二 为了这么一个配置,我的代码观几乎将要被颠覆!spring引语实例二


言归正传,研究一下注解下的控制层。
我习惯于使用JSTL展示页面,因此需要在原lib基础上增加jstl.jar和standard.jar,详细lib依赖如下:

    /** * 2010-1-23 */package org.zlex.spring.controller;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestUtils;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;/** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */@Controller@RequestMapping("/account.do")public class AccountController {@Autowiredprivate AccountService accountService;@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(request, "username");String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(request, "password");System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));}}


    先说注解@RequestMapping
    这里使用注解@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)指定这个方法为get请求时调用。同样,我们可以使用注解@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)指定该方法接受post请求。

      @Controller@RequestMapping("/account.do")public class AccountController {@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public void get() {}@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST)public void post() {}}


      这与我们久别的Servlet很相像,类似于doGet()和doPost()方法!
      我们也可以将其改造为多动作控制器,如下代码所示:

        @Controller@RequestMapping("/account.do")public class AccountController {@RequestMapping(params = "method=login") public void login() {}@RequestMapping(params = "method=logout") public void logout() {}


        这样,我们可以通过参数“method”指定不同的参数值从而通过请求("/account.do?method=login"和"/account.do?method=logout")调用不同的方法!spring引语实例二
        注意:使用多动作控制器必须在配置文件中加入注解支持!

          <bean/>


          当然,我们也可以将注解@RequestMapping指定到某一个方法上,如:

            @Controllerpublic class AccountController {@RequestMapping("/a.do")public void a() {}@RequestMapping("/b.do")public void b() {}}


            这样,请求“a.do”和“b.do”将对应不同的方法a() 和b()。这使得一个控制器可以同时承载多个请求!
            @RequestMapping("/account.do")@RequestMapping(value="/account.do")的简写!
            再说输入参数!
            这里的方法名可以随意定义,但是参数和返回值却又要求!
            为什么?直接看源代码,我们就能找到答案!spring引语实例二
            AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.java部分源代码——有关参数部分:

              @Overrideprotected Object resolveStandardArgument(Class parameterType, NativeWebRequest webRequest)throws Exception {HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) webRequest.getNativeRequest();HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) webRequest.getNativeResponse();if (ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {return request;}else if (ServletResponse.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {this.responseArgumentUsed = true;return response;}else if (HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {return request.getSession();}else if (Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {return request.getUserPrincipal();}else if (Locale.class.equals(parameterType)) {return RequestContextUtils.getLocale(request);}else if (InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {return request.getInputStream();}else if (Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {return request.getReader();}else if (OutputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {this.responseArgumentUsed = true;return response.getOutputStream();}else if (Writer.class.isAssignableFrom(parameterType)) {this.responseArgumentUsed = true;return response.getWriter();}return super.resolveStandardArgument(parameterType, webRequest);}


              也就是说,如果我们想要在自定义的方法中获得一些个“标准”输入参数,参数类型必须包含在以下类型中:

                @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public void hello(String username,String password) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));}


                如果参数名不能与这里的变量名保持一致,那么我们可以使用注解@RequestParam进行强制绑定,代码如下所示:

                  @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public void hello(@RequestParam("username") String u,@RequestParam("password") String p) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(u, p));}


                  这比起我们之前写的代码有所简洁:

                    @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public void hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {String username = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(request, "username");String password = ServletRequestUtils.getRequiredStringParameter(request, "password");System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));}


                    ServletRequestUtils类的工作已经由Spring底层实现了,我们只需要把参数名定义一致即可,其内部取参无需关心!spring引语实例二
                    除了传入参数,我们还可以定义即将传出的参数,如加入ModelMap参数:

                      @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));model.put("msg", username);return model;}


                      这时,我们没有定义页面名称,Spring容器将根据请求名指定同名view,即如果是jap页面,则account.do->account.jsp!
                      不得不承认,这样写起来的确减少了代码量!spring引语实例二
                      接着说输出参数!
                      通过ModelMap,我们可以绑定输出到的页面的参数,但最终我们将要返回到何种页面呢?再次查看AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter源代码!
                      AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter.java部分源代码——有关返回值部分:

                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")public ModelAndView getModelAndView(Method handlerMethod, Class handlerType, Object returnValue,ExtendedModelMap implicitModel, ServletWebRequest webRequest) {if (returnValue instanceof ModelAndView) {ModelAndView mav = (ModelAndView) returnValue;mav.getModelMap().mergeAttributes(implicitModel);return mav;}else if (returnValue instanceof Model) {return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel).addAllObjects(((Model) returnValue).asMap());}else if (returnValue instanceof Map) {return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel).addAllObjects((Map) returnValue);}else if (returnValue instanceof View) {return new ModelAndView((View) returnValue).addAllObjects(implicitModel);}else if (returnValue instanceof String) {return new ModelAndView((String) returnValue).addAllObjects(implicitModel);}else if (returnValue == null) {// Either returned null or was 'void' return.if (this.responseArgumentUsed || webRequest.isNotModified()) {return null;}else {// Assuming view name translation...return new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel);}}else if (!BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(returnValue.getClass())) {// Assume a single model attribute...ModelAttribute attr = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(handlerMethod, ModelAttribute.class);String attrName = (attr != null ? attr.value() : "");ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView().addAllObjects(implicitModel);if ("".equals(attrName)) {Class resolvedType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveReturnType(handlerMethod, handlerType);attrName = Conventions.getVariableNameForReturnType(handlerMethod, resolvedType, returnValue);}return mav.addObject(attrName, returnValue);}else {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid handler method return value: " + returnValue);}}}


                        返回值的定义十分庞大,或者说可怕的if-else多少有点让我觉得厌恶!spring引语实例二
                        我们可以定义以下类型的返回值:

                          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public String hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));model.put("msg", username);return "account";}


                          当然,对于我来说在返回值中写入这么一个字符串多少有点不能接受,于是我还是乐于使用输入参数ModelMap+输出参数Map的方式。
                          给出一个完整的AccountController实现:
                          AccountController.java

                            /** * 2010-1-23 */package org.zlex.spring.controller;import java.util.Map;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;import org.zlex.spring.service.AccountService;/** * * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a> * @version 1.0 * @since 1.0 */@Controller@RequestMapping("/account.do")public class AccountController {@Autowiredprivate AccountService accountService;@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));model.put("msg", username);return model;}}


                            最后说注解@Session
                            如果想将某个ModelMap中的参数指定到Session中,可以使用@Session注解,将其绑定为Session熟悉,代码如下所示:

                              @Controller@RequestMapping("/account.do")@SessionAttributes("msg")public class AccountController {@Autowiredprivate AccountService accountService;@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)public Map hello(String username, String password, ModelMap model) {System.out.println(accountService.verify(username, password));model.put("msg", username);return model;}}


                              当然,我们还需要配置一下对应的视图解析器,给出完整配置:
                              servelt.xml

                                <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"><context:component-scanbase-package="org.zlex.spring.controller" /><beanid="urlMapping"/><bean/><beanid="jstlViewResolver"/></beans>


                                这里使用了JstlView作为视图解析器。同时,指定前缀路径为"/WEB-INF/page/",后缀路径为".jsp"。也就是说,Spring容器将会在这个路径中寻找匹配的jsp文件!
                                注意加入xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"命名空间!
                                再给出页面内容:
                                taglib.jsp

                                  <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%><%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%><%@ taglib prefix="sql" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/sql"%><%@ taglib prefix="x" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/xml"%><%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions"%><%@ taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%><%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>


                                  account.jap

                                    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><%@ include file="/WEB-INF/page/taglib.jsp"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Account</title></head><body><c:out value="${msg}"></c:out></body></html>


                                    目录结构如图所示:
                                    spring引语实例二
                                    启动应用,最后将得到一个带有内容的页面,如图:
                                    spring引语实例二
                                    代码见附件!spring引语实例二

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