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C#中UDP通讯和TCP通信的差异

2012-09-21 
C#中UDP通信和TCP通信的差异C#的UDP和TCP通信的详解可以看到这个处理的基本步骤如下:??????执行Receive函

C#中UDP通信和TCP通信的差异

C#的UDP和TCP通信的详解

可以看到这个处理的基本步骤如下:????

??执行Receive函数,接收远程socket发送的信息;????

??把信息从字节转换到string;????

??处理该信息,然后进入下一个循环,继续等待socket发送新的信息。????

值得注意的有几个:????

??1:Receive函数。这个函数和Listener的Accept函数类似。在这个地方等待执行,如果没有新的消息,这个函数就不会执行下一句,一直等待。????

??2:接收的是字节流,需要转化成字符串????

??3:判断远程关闭联接的方式????

??4:如果对方的消息非常大,还得循环接收这个data。????

4:如何管理这些联接(thread)????

通过上边的程序,基本上可以建立一个侦听,并且处理联接会话。但是如何管理这些thread呢?不然大量产生thread可是一个灾难。????

管理的方法比较简单,在Listener里面我定义了一个静态的哈希表(static?public?Hashtable?Connections=new?Hashtable();),存储Connection实例和它对应的Thread实例。而connection中也加入了一个最后联接时间的定义(private?DateTime?_lastConnectTime;)。在新链接建立的时候(Listener的Accept()之后)就把Connection实例和Thread实例存到哈希表中;在Connection的Receive的时候修改最后联接时间。这样我们就可以知道该Connection在哪里,并且会话是否活跃。????

然后在Winform程序里头可以管理这些会话了,设置设置超时。????

??

在网络环境下,我们最感兴趣的两个命名空间是System.Net和?System.Net.Sockets。System.Net命名空间通常与较高程的操作有关,例如download或upload,试用HTTP和其他协议进行Web请求等等,而System.Net.Sockets命名空间所包含的类通常与较低程的操作有关。如果要直接使用Sockets或者?TCP/IP之类的协议,这个命名空间的类是非常有用的。????

  在.Net中,System.Net.Sockets?命名空间为需要严密控制网络访问的开发人员提供了?Windows?Sockets?(Winsock)?接口的托管实现。System.Net?命名空间中的所有其他网络访问类都建立在该套接字Socket实现之上,如TCPClient、TCPListener?和?UDPClient?类封装有关创建到?Internet?的?TCP?和?UDP?连接的详细信息;NetworkStream类则提供用于网络访问的基础数据流等,常见的许多Internet服务都可以见到Socket的踪影,如?Telnet、Http、Email、Echo等,这些服务尽管通讯协议Protocol的定义不同,但是其基础的传输都是采用的Socket。????

  其实,Socket可以象流Stream一样被视为一个数据通道,这个通道架设在应用程序端(客户端)和远程服务器端之间,而后,数据的读取(接收)和写入(发送)均针对这个通道来进行。????

  可见,在应用程序端或者服务器端创建了Socket对象之后,就可以使用Send/SentTo方法将数据发送到连接的Socket,或者使用Receive/ReceiveFrom方法接收来自连接Socket的数据。????

  针对Socket编程,.NET?框架的?Socket?类是?Winsock32?API?提供的套接字服务的托管代码版本。其中为实现网络编程提供了大量的方法,大多数情况下,Socket?类方法只是将数据封送到它们的本机?Win32?副本中并处理任何必要的安全检查。如果你熟悉Winsock?API函数,那么用Socket类编写网络程序会非常容易,当然,如果你不曾接触过,也不会太困难,跟随下面的解说,你会发觉使用Socket类开发?windows?网络应用程序原来有规可寻,它们在大多数情况下遵循大致相同的步骤。????

  在使用之前,你需要首先创建Socket对象的实例,这可以通过Socket类的构造方法来实现:????

public?Socket(AddressFamily?addressFamily,SocketType?socketType,ProtocolType?protocolType);????

  其中,addressFamily?参数指定?Socket?使用的寻址方案,socketType?参数指定?Socket?的类型,protocolType?参数指定?Socket?使用的协议。????

  下面的示例语句创建一个?Socket,它可用于在基于?TCP/IP?的网络(如?Internet)上通讯。????

Socket?temp?=?new?Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,?SocketType.Stream,?ProtocolType.Tcp);????

  若要使用?UDP?而不是?TCP,需要更改协议类型,如下面的示例所示:????

Socket?temp?=?new?Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,?SocketType.Dgram,?ProtocolType.Udp);????

  一旦创建?Socket,在客户端,你将可以通过Connect方法连接到指定的服务器,并通过Send/SendTo方法向远程服务器发送数据,而后可以通过?Receive/ReceiveFrom从服务端接收数据;而在服务器端,你需要使用Bind方法绑定所指定的接口使Socket与一个本地终结点相联,并通过Listen方法侦听该接口上的请求,当侦听到用户端的连接时,调用Accept完成连接的操作,创建新的Socket以处理传入的连接请求。使用完?Socket?后,记住使用?Shutdown?方法禁用?Socket,并使用?Close?方法关闭?Socket。????

  可以看出,以上许多方法包含EndPoint类型的参数,在Internet中,TCP/IP?使用一个网络地址和一个服务端口号来唯一标识设备。网络地址标识网络上的特定设备;端口号标识要连接到的该设备上的特定服务。网络地址和服务端口的组合称为终结点,在?.NET?框架中正是由?EndPoint?类表示这个终结点,它提供表示网络资源或服务的抽象,用以标志网络地址等信息。.Net同时也为每个受支持的地址族定义了?EndPoint?的子代;对于?IP?地址族,该类为?IPEndPoint。IPEndPoint?类包含应用程序连接到主机上的服务所需的主机和端口信息,通过组合服务的主机IP地址和端口号,IPEndPoint?类形成到服务的连接点。????

  用到IPEndPoint类的时候就不可避免地涉及到计算机IP地址,System.Net命名空间中有两种类可以得到IP地址实例:????

  IPAddress类:IPAddress?类包含计算机在?IP?网络上的地址。其Parse方法可将?IP?地址字符串转换为?IPAddress?实例。下面的语句创建一个?IPAddress?实例:????

IPAddress?myIP?=?IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.1");????

  Dns?类:向使用?TCP/IP?Internet?服务的应用程序提供域名服务。其Resolve?方法查询?DNS?服务器以将用户友好的域名(如"host.mydomain.com")映射到数字形式的?Internet?地址(如?192.168.0.1)。Resolve方法?返回一个?IPHostEnty?实例,该实例包含所请求名称的地址和别名的列表。大多数情况下,可以使用?AddressList?数组中返回的第一个地址。下面的代码获取一个?IPAddress?实例,该实例包含服务器?host.mydomain.com?的?IP?地址。????

IPHostEntry?ipHostInfo?=?Dns.Resolve("host.mydomain.com?");????

IPAddress?ipAddress?=?ipHostInfo.AddressList[0];????

  你也可以使用GetHostName方法得到IPHostEntry实例:????

IPHosntEntry?hostInfo=Dns.GetHostByName("host.mydomain.com?")????

  在使用以上方法时,你将可能需要处理以下几种异常:????

  SocketException异常:访问Socket时操作系统发生错误引发????

  ArgumentNullException异常:参数为空引用引发????

  ObjectDisposedException异常:Socket已经关闭引发????

  在掌握上面得知识后,下面的代码将该服务器主机(?host.mydomain.com的?IP?地址与端口号组合,以便为连接创建远程终结点:????

IPEndPoint?ipe?=?new?IPEndPoint(ipAddress,11000);????

  确定了远程设备的地址并选择了用于连接的端口后,应用程序可以尝试建立与远程设备的连接。下面的示例使用现有的?IPEndPoint?实例与远程设备连接,并捕获可能引发的异常:????

try????

{????

temp.Connect(ipe);//尝试连接????

}????

//处理参数为空引用异常????

catch(ArgumentNullException?ae)????

{????

Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException?:?{0}",?ae.ToString());????

}????

//处理操作系统异常????

catch(SocketException?se)????

{????

Console.WriteLine("SocketException?:?{0}",?se.ToString());????

}????

????

 namespace UDPServer      {          class Program          {              static void Main(string[] args)              {                  int recv;                  byte[] data = new byte[1024];                  //构建TCP 服务器                  //得到本机IP,设置TCP端口号                           IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any , 8001);                  Socket newsock = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram , ProtocolType.Udp);                  //绑定网络地址                  newsock.Bind(ipep);                  Console.WriteLine("This is a Server, host name is {0}",Dns.GetHostName());                  //等待客户机连接                  Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client...");                  //得到客户机IP                  IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);                  EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)(sender);                  recv = newsock.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);                  Console .WriteLine ("Message received from {0}: ", Remote.ToString ());                  Console .WriteLine (Encoding .ASCII .GetString (data ,0,recv ));                  //客户机连接成功后,发送欢迎信息                  string welcome = "Welcome ! ";                  //字符串与字节数组相互转换                  data  = Encoding .ASCII .GetBytes (welcome );                  //发送信息                  newsock .SendTo (data ,data.Length ,SocketFlags .None ,Remote );                  while (true )                  {                      data =new byte [1024];                      //发送接受信息                      recv =newsock.ReceiveFrom(data ,ref Remote);                      Console .WriteLine (Encoding .ASCII .GetString (data ,0,recv));                      newsock .SendTo (data ,recv ,SocketFlags .None ,Remote );                  }              }              }          }      C# code   using System;   using System.Collections.Generic;   using System.Linq;   using System.Text;   using System.Net;   using System.Net.Sockets;   namespace UDPClient   {       class Program       {           static void Main(string[] args)           {               byte[] data = new byte[1024];               string input ,stringData;               //构建TCP 服务器               Console.WriteLine("This is a Client, host name is {0}", Dns.GetHostName());               //设置服务IP,设置TCP端口号               IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress .Parse ("127.0.0.1") , 8001);               //定义网络类型,数据连接类型和网络协议UDP               Socket server = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);               string welcome = "Hello! ";               data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(welcome);               server.SendTo(data, data.Length, SocketFlags.None, ipep);               IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);               EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)sender;               data = new byte[1024];               int recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);               Console.WriteLine("Message received from {0}: ", Remote.ToString());               Console.WriteLine(Encoding .ASCII .GetString (data,0,recv));               while (true)               {                   input = Console .ReadLine ();                   if (input =="exit")                       break ;                   server .SendTo (Encoding .ASCII .GetBytes (input ),Remote );                   data = new byte [1024];                   recv = server.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);                   stringData = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(data, 0, recv);                   Console.WriteLine(stringData);               }               Console .WriteLine ("Stopping Client.");               server .Close ();                       }           }       }      C# code   TCPClient   /*TCPClient 类提供了一种使用 TCP 协议连接到某个端点的简化方法。它还通  *过 NetworkStream 对象展现在连接过程中读取或写入的数据。请参见下面从 *QuickStart 文档中摘录的日期/时间客户机示例。*/   //使用 C# 编写   using System;   using System.Net;   using System.Net.Sockets;   using System.IO;   using System.Text;   class Client   {   public static void Main(String[] args)   {   TCPClient tcpc = new TCPClient();   Byte[] read = new Byte[32];   if (args.Length != 1)   {   Console.WriteLine(“请在命令行中指定服务器名称”);   return;   }   String server = args[0];   // 验证服务器是否存在   if (DNS.GetHostByName(server) == null)   {   Console.WriteLine(“找不到服务器:” + 服务器);   return;   }   // 尝试连接到服务器   if (tcpc.Connect(server, 13) == -1)   {   Console.WriteLine(“无法连接到服务器:” + 服务器);   return;   }   // 获取流   Stream s = tcpc.GetStream();   // 读取流并将它转换为 ASCII 码形式   int bytes = s.Read(read, 0, read.Length);   String Time = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(read);   // 显示数据   Console.WriteLine(“已接收到的” + 字节 + “字节”);   Console.WriteLine(“当前日期和时间是:” + 时间);   tcpc.Close();   }   }   TCPListener   /*TCPListener 类便于在来自某个客户机的 TCP 连接的特定套接字上进行侦听的*工作。请参见下面包括在 QuickStart 文档中的日期/时间服务器示例。 */  //使用 C# 编写   using System;   using System.Net;   using System.Net.Sockets;   using System.Text;   class Server   {   public static void Main()   {   DateTime now;   String strDateLine;   Encoding ASCII = Encoding.ASCII;   // 在端口 13 进行侦听   TCPListener tcpl = new TCPListener(13);   tcpl.Start();   Console.WriteLine(“正在等待客户进行连接”);   Console.WriteLine(“请按 Ctrl+c 退出...”);   while (true)   {   // 接收会阻塞,直到有人连接上   Socket s = tcpl.Accept();   // 获取当前的日期和时间并将它连接成一个字符串   now = DateTime.Now;   strDateLine = now.ToShortDateString() + " " +   now.ToLongTimeString();   // 将该字符串转换成一个字节数组并发送它   Byte[] byteDateLine =   ASCII.GetBytes(strDateLine.ToCharArray());   s.Send(byteDateLine, byteDateLine.Length, 0);   Console.WriteLine(“发送” + strDateLine);   }   }   }    #region "Download: File transfer FROM ftp server"            /// <summary>            /// Copy a file from FTP server to local            /// </summary>            /// <param name="sourceFilename">Target filename, if required </param>            /// <param name="localFilename">Full path of the local file </param>            /// <returns> </returns>            /// <remarks>Target can be blank (use same filename), or just a filename            /// (assumes current directory) or a full path and filename </remarks>            public bool Download(string sourceFilename, string localFilename, bool PermitOverwrite)            {                //2. determine target file                FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(localFilename);                return this.Download(sourceFilename, fi, PermitOverwrite);            }            //Version taking an FtpFileInfo            public bool Download(FtpFileInfo file, string localFilename, bool permitOverwrite)            {                return this.Download(file.FullName, localFilename, permitOverwrite);            }            //Another version taking FtpFileInfo and FileInfo            public bool Download(FtpFileInfo file, FileInfo localFI, bool permitOverwrite)            {                return this.Download(file.FullName, localFI, permitOverwrite);            }            //Version taking string/FileInfo            public bool Download(string sourceFilename, FileInfo targetFI, bool permitOverwrite)            {                //1. check target                if (targetFI.Exists && !(permitOverwrite))                {                    throw (new ApplicationException("Target file already exists"));                }                //2. check source                string target;                if (sourceFilename.Trim() == "")                {                    throw (new ApplicationException("File not specified"));                }                else if (sourceFilename.Contains("/"))                {                    //treat as a full path                    target = AdjustDir(sourceFilename);                }                else                {                    //treat as filename only, use current directory                    target = CurrentDirectory + sourceFilename;                }                string URI = Hostname + target;                //3. perform copy                System.Net.FtpWebRequest ftp = GetRequest(URI);                //Set request to download a file in binary mode                ftp.Method = System.Net.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile;                ftp.UseBinary = true;                //open request and get response stream                using (FtpWebResponse response = (FtpWebResponse)ftp.GetResponse())                {                    using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())                    {                        //loop to read & write to file                        using (FileStream fs = targetFI.OpenWrite())                        {                            try                            {                                byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];                                int read = 0;                                do                                {                                    read = responseStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);                                    fs.Write(buffer, 0, read);                                } while (!(read == 0));                                responseStream.Close();                                fs.Flush();                                fs.Close();                            }                            catch (Exception)                            {                                //catch error and delete file only partially downloaded                                fs.Close();                                //delete target file as it's incomplete                                targetFI.Delete();                                throw;                            }                        }                        responseStream.Close();                    }                    response.Close();                }                return true;            }           #endregion      简单的UDP收发.    发送    C# code                       try                      {                           Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);  //向此网段发广播包                             int UDPListenerPort = 8082;                           IPAddress broadcast = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.255"); //此处根据IP及子网掩码改为相应的广播IP                           string ts = "This is UPD string for sending";                           byte[] sendbuf = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ts);                           IPEndPoint ep = new IPEndPoint(broadcast, UDPListenerPort);                           s.SendTo(sendbuf, ep);                       }                       catch (Exception e)                       {}   接收    C# code              UdpClient listener;               int UDPListenerPort = 8082;               IPEndPoint groupEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, UDPListenerPort);               try              {                   while (true)                   {                       byte[] bytes = listener.Receive(ref groupEP);                       string RecIP = groupEP.ToString().Substring(0, groupEP.ToString().IndexOf(":"));  //收到发送UPD端的IP                       string RecStr = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);   //收到的UPD字符串                   }               }               catch              {}      C# code    TCPClient    TCPClient 类提供了一种使用 TCP 协议连接到某个端点的简化方法。它还通过 NetworkStream 对象展现在连接过程中读取或写入的数据。请参见下面从 QuickStart 文档中摘录的日期/时间客户机示例。    使用 C# 编写    using System;    using System.Net;    using System.Net.Sockets;    using System.IO;    using System.Text;    class Client    {    public static void Main(String[] args)    {    TCPClient tcpc = new T…      来一个Remoting的:    C# code   using System;    namespace Remotable    {        public class RemotableType : MarshalByRefObject        {            private string _internalString = "This is the RemotableType.";            public string StringMethod()            {                return _internalString;            }        }    }    using System;    using System.Runtime.Remoting;    namespace RemotingFirst    {        public class Listener        {            public static void Main()            {                RemotingConfiguration.Configure("Listener.exe.config");                Console.WriteLine("Listening for requests. Press Enter to exit");                Console.ReadLine();            }        }    }    using System;    using System.Runtime.Remoting;    namespace Client    {        public class Client        {            public static void Main()            {                RemotingConfiguration.Configure("Client.exe.config");                Remotable.RemotableType remoteObject = new Remotable.RemotableType();                Console.WriteLine(remoteObject.StringMethod());            }        }    }    Listener.exe.config    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>    <configuration>        <system.runtime.remoting>          <application>             <service>                <wellknown                    mode="Singleton"                    type="Remotable.RemotableType, RemotableType"                    objectUri="RemotableType.rem"                />             </service>             <channels>                <channel ref="http" port="8989"/>             </channels>          </application>        </system.runtime.remoting>    </configuration>      实只要用到Socket联接,基本上就得使用Thread,是交叉使用的。    C#封装的Socket用法基本上不算很复杂,只是不知道托管之后的Socket有没有其他性能或者安全上的问题。    在C#里面能找到的最底层的操作也就是socket了,概念不做解释。    程序模型如下:    WinForm程序 : 启动端口侦听;监视Socket联接情况;定期关闭不活动的联接;    Listener:处理Socket的Accept函数,侦听新链接,建立新Thread来处理这些联接(Connection)。    Connection:处理具体的每一个联接的会话。    1:WinForm如何启动一个新的线程来启动Listener:          //start the server            private void btn_startServer_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)            {                //this.btn_startServer.Enabled = false;                Thread _createServer = new Thread(new ThreadStart(WaitForConnect));                _createServer.Start();            }            //wait all connections            private void WaitForConnect()            {                SocketListener listener = new SocketListener(Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_port.Text));                listener.StartListening();            }    /*因为侦听联接是一个循环等待的函数,所以不可能在WinForm的线程里面直接**执行,不然Winform也就是无法继续任何操作了,所以才指定一个新的线程来**执行这个函数,启动侦听循环。    *这一个新的线程是比较简单的,基本上没有启动的参数,直接指定处理函数就可**以了。    *2:Listener如何启动循环侦听,并且启动新的带有参数的线程来处理Socket联*接会话。    *先看如何建立侦听:(StartListening函数) */   IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(_ipAddress, _port);            // Create a TCP/IP socket.            Socket listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);                // Bind the socket to the local endpoint and  listen for incoming connections.                try                {                    listener.Bind(localEndPoint);                    listener.Listen(20);//20 trucks                    // Start listening for connections.                    while (true)                    {                      // here will be suspended while waiting for a new connection.                        Socket connection = listener.Accept();                        Logger.Log("Connect", connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());//log it, new connection                    ……              }            }……    //基本步骤比较简单:    建立本机的IPEndPoint对象,表示以本机为服务器,在指定端口侦听;    然后绑定到一个侦听Socket上;    进入while循环,等待新的联接;    如果有新的联接,那么建立新的socket来对应这个联接的会话。      值得注意的就是这一句联接代码:listener.Accept()。执行这一句的时候,程序就在这个地方等待,直到有新的联检请求的时候程序才会执行下一句。这是同步执行,当然也可以异步执行。      新的联接Socket建立了(Accept之后),对于这些新的socket该怎么办呢?他们依然是一个循环等待,所以依然需要建立新的Thread给这些Socket去处理会话(接收/发送消息),而这个Thread就要接收参数了。      Thread本身是不能接收参数的,为了让它可以接收参数,可以采用定义新类,添加参数作为属性的方法来解决。      因为每一个Socket是一个Connection周期,所以我定义了这么一个类public class Connection。这个类至少有这样一个构造函数public Connection(Socket socket); 之所以这么做,就是为了把Socket参数传给这个Connection对象,然后好让Listener启动这个Thread的时候,Thread可以知道他正在处理哪一个Socket。        具体处理的方法:(在Listener的StartListening函数,ocket connection = listener.Accept();之后)        Connection gpsCn = new Connection(connection);                        //each socket will be wait for data. keep the connection.                        Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(gpsCn.WaitForSendData));                        thread.Name = connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();                        thread.Start();    如此一来,这个新的socket在Accept之后就在新的Thread中运行了。      3:Connection的会话处理      建立了新的Connection(也就是socket),远程就可以和这个socket进行会话了,无非就是send和receive。      现在先看看怎么写的这个线程运行的Connection. WaitForSendData函数        while (true)                {                    bytes = new byte[1024];                    string data = "";                    //systm will be waiting the msg of receive envet. like Accept();                    //here will be suspended while waiting for socket income msg.                    int bytesRec = this._connection.Receive(bytes);                    _lastConnectTime = DateTime.Now;                    if (bytesRec == 0)//close envent                    {                        Logger.Log("Close Connection", _connection.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());                        break;                    }                    data += Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes, 0, bytesRec);                    //…….handle your data.                }      需要知道的是:Socket 类支持两种基本模式:同步和异步。其区别在于:在同步模式中,对执行网络操作的函数(如 Send 和 Receive)的调用一直等到操作完成后才将控制返回给调用程序。在异步模式中,这些调用立即返回。    综合运用以上阐述的使用Visual C#进行Socket网络程序开发的知识,下面的程序是一个简单的Socket通讯实例,client向server发送一段测试字符串,server接收并显示出来,给予client成功相应。    //client端    using System;    using System.Text;    using System.IO;    using System.Net;    using System.Net.Sockets;    namespace socketsample    {     class Class1     {      static void Main()      {       try       {        int port = 2000;        string host = "127.0.0.1";        IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);        IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);        Socket c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);        c.Connect(ipe);        string sendStr = "hello!This is a socket test";        byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);        c.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);        string recvStr = "";        byte[] recvBytes = new byte[1024];        int bytes;        bytes = c.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0);        recvStr += Encoding.ASCII.GetString(recvBytes, 0, bytes);        Console.WriteLine(recvStr);        c.Close();       }       catch (ArgumentNullException e)       {        Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException: {0}", e);       }       catch (SocketException e)       {        Console.WriteLine("SocketException: {0}", e);       }       Console.ReadLine();      }     }    }    //server端    using System;    using System.Text;    using System.IO;    using System.Net;    using System.Net.Sockets;    namespace Project1    {     class Class2     {      static void Main()      {       try       {        int port = 2000;        string host = "127.0.0.1";        IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(host);        IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(ip, port);        Socket s = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);        s.Bind(ipe);        s.Listen(0);        Socket temp = s.Accept();        string recvStr = "";        byte[] recvBytes = new byte[1024];        int bytes;        bytes = temp.Receive(recvBytes, recvBytes.Length, 0);        recvStr += Encoding.ASCII.GetString(recvBytes, 0, bytes);        Console.WriteLine(recvStr);        string sendStr = "Ok!Sucess!";        byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sendStr);        temp.Send(bs, bs.Length, 0);        temp.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);        temp.Close();        s.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);        s.Close();       }       catch (ArgumentNullException e)       {        Console.WriteLine("ArgumentNullException: {0}", e);       }       catch (SocketException e)       {        Console.WriteLine("SocketException: {0}", e);       }       Console.ReadLine();      }     }    }           C#UDP的多路广播组的发送和接收    下列范例使用 UdpClient,在通讯端口11000传送UDP 资料包至多点传送位址群组 224.268.100.2。它传送命令列上指定的信息字串。     C# code    using System;     using System.Net;     using System.Net.Sockets;     using System.Text;     public class UDPMulticastSender {     private static IPAddress GroupAddress =     IPAddress.Parse("224.168.100.2");     private static int GroupPort = 11000;     private static void Send( String message) {     UdpClient sender = new UdpClient();     IPEndPoint groupEP = new IPEndPoint(GroupAddress,GroupPort);     try {     Console.WriteLine("Sending datagram : {0}", message);     byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);     sender.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, groupEP);     sender.Close();     } catch (Exception e) {     Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());     }     }     public static int Main(String[] args) {     Send(args[0]);     return 0;     }     }        下列范例使用 UdpClient,在通讯端口  11000  监听广播到多点传送位址群组 224.168.100.2 的 UDP  资料包。它接收信息字串,并將信息写入主控台 (Console)。        C# code      using System;        using System.Net;        using System.Net.Sockets;        using System.Text;        public class UDPMulticastListener {        private static readonly IPAddress GroupAddress =        IPAddress.Parse("224.168.100.2");        private const int GroupPort = 11000;        private static void StartListener() {        bool done = false;        UdpClient listener = new UdpClient();        IPEndPoint groupEP = new IPEndPoint(GroupAddress,GroupPort);        try {        listener.JoinMulticastGroup(GroupAddress);        listener.Connect(groupEP);        while (!done) {        Console.WriteLine("Waiting for broadcast");        byte[] bytes = listener.Receive( ref groupEP);        Console.WriteLine("Received broadcast from {0} :\n {1}\n",        groupEP.ToString(),        Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytes,0,bytes.Length));        }        listener.Close();        } catch (Exception e) {        Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());        }        }        public static int Main(String[] args) {        StartListener();        return 0;        }        }      using System;        using System.Net;        using System.Net.Sockets;        using System.Text;        public class UDPMulticastSender {        private static IPAddress GroupAddress =        IPAddress.Parse("224.168.100.2");        private static int GroupPort = 11000;        private static void Send( String message) {        UdpClient sender = new UdpClient();        IPEndPoint groupEP = new IPEndPoint(GroupAddress,GroupPort);        try {        Console.WriteLine("Sending datagram : {0}", message);        byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(message);        sender.Send(bytes, bytes.Length, groupEP);        sender.Close();        } catch (Exception e) {        Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());        }        }        public static int Main(String[] args) {        Send(args[0]);        return 0;        }        }      C# code      try                      {                          UdpClient udp=new UdpClient(new IPEndPoint(ipAddress,startPort+i));                          udp.Close();                                              unUsedPort=startPort+i;                          break;                      }                      catch                      {                      }      using System;      using System.Collections.Generic;      using System.ComponentModel;      using System.Data;      using System.Drawing;      using System.Text;      using System.Windows.Forms;      using System.Collections;      using System.Collections.Specialized;      using System.Threading;      using System.Net.Sockets;      using System.Net;      using System.Runtime.Serialization;      using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;      using System.IO;      namespace 聊天工具服务器      {          public partial class FormMain : Form          {              public FormMain()              {                  InitializeComponent();              }            #region 字段定义              /// <summary>              /// 服务器程序使用的端口,默认为8888              /// </summary>              private int _port = 8888;              /// <summary>              /// 接收数据缓冲区大小2K              /// </summary>              private const int _maxPacket =2 * 1024;              /// <summary>              /// 服务器端的监听器              /// </summary>              private TcpListener _tcpl = null;              Thread _receiveThread;              /// <summary>              /// 保存所有客户端会话的哈希表              /// </summary>              private Hashtable _transmit_tb = new Hashtable();              /// <summary>              /// 当前文件路径              /// </summary>              string MyPath = null;              /// <summary>              /// 用户基本信息表,包括UserName,UserPwd,UserNich,UserImg,ZX,UserIp              /// </summary>              DataTable TabUser = new DataTable();              /// <summary>              /// 用户消息表,保存用户不在线时的消息              /// </summary>              DataTable TabUserMessage = new DataTable();            #endregion              /// <summary>              /// 序列化在线列表,向客户端返回序列化后的字节数组              /// </summary>              /// <returns>序列化后的字节数组 </returns>              private byte[] SerializeOnlineList()              {                  StringCollection onlineList = new StringCollection();                  foreach (object o in _transmit_tb.Keys)                  {                      onlineList.Add(o as string);                  }                  IFormatter format = new BinaryFormatter();                  MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();                  format.Serialize(stream, onlineList);                  byte[] ret = stream.ToArray();                  stream.Close();                  return ret;              }              /// <summary>              /// 序列化好友列表,向客户端返回序列化后的datatable              /// </summary>              /// <returns>序列化后的字节数组 </returns>              private bool SerializeFriendList(object obj, Socket clientSkt)              {                  DataTable TabmyFriend = new DataTable();                  TabmyFriend.TableName = obj as string;                  try {                      TabmyFriend.ReadXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" + TabmyFriend.TableName + ".xml");                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserImg", typeof(String));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserNich", typeof(String));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("ZX", typeof(Boolean));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserIp", typeof(String));                      foreach (DataRow myrow in TabmyFriend.Rows)                      {                          DataRow[] DataRows = TabUser.Select(" UserName = '" + myrow["UserName"].ToString() + "'");                          if (DataRows.Length > 0)                          {                              myrow["UserImg"] = DataRows[0]["UserImg"].ToString();                              myrow["UserNich"] = DataRows[0]["UserNich"].ToString();                            try                            {                                  myrow["ZX"] = (bool)DataRows[0]["ZX"];                                  myrow["UserIp"] = DataRows[0]["UserIp"].ToString();                            }                               catch                              {                                  myrow["ZX"] = false;                                  myrow["UserIp"] = "";                              }                          }                      }                  }                  catch                  {                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserName", typeof(String));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserImg", typeof(String));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("ZX", typeof(Boolean));                      TabmyFriend.Columns.Add("UserIp", typeof(String));                  }                  IFormatter format = new BinaryFormatter();                  MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();                  format.Serialize(stream, TabmyFriend);                  stream.Position = 0;                  byte[] ret = new byte[_maxPacket];                  int count = 0;                  count = stream.Read(ret, 0, _maxPacket);                  //先发送响应信号,用户客户机的判断                  clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("cmd::RequestFriendList"));                  while (count >0)                  {                      clientSkt.Send(ret);                      count =  stream.Read(ret, 0, _maxPacket);                    }                  //发送结束信号                    clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Find::RequestFriendListEnd"));                      stream.Close();                  return true ;              }              private void FormMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)              {                  MyPath = Application.StartupPath;                  Read_User();                  ReadTabUserMessage();                  _receiveThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(StartUp));                  _receiveThread.Start();              }              /// <summary>              /// 读取所有用户信息              /// </summary>              private void Read_User()              {                  try                  {                      TabUser.ReadXml(MyPath + "\\User.xml");                  }                  catch                  {                      TabUser.TableName = "User";                      TabUser.Columns.Add("UserName", typeof(String));                      TabUser.Columns.Add("UserPwd", typeof(String));                      TabUser.Columns.Add("UserNich", typeof(String));                      TabUser.Columns.Add("UserImg", typeof(String));                  }                  TabUser.Columns.Add("ZX", typeof(Boolean));                  TabUser.Columns.Add("UserIp", typeof(String));              }              /// <summary>              /// 新用户上/下线后,更新其好友的(好友列表)              /// </summary>              /// <param name="UserName"> </param>              /// <param name="OnLine"> </param>              /// <param name="IpAddress"> </param>              private void UpdateFriendList(string UserName, bool OnLine, string IpAddress)              {                  DataTable TabmyFriend = new DataTable();                  TabmyFriend.TableName = UserName;                  string svrlog = null;                  string []UserInformation = new string[2];//UserName + "$" + IpAddress;                  UserInformation[0] = UserName;                  UserInformation[1] = IpAddress;                  IFormatter format = new BinaryFormatter();                  MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();                  format.Serialize(stream, UserInformation);                  byte[] ret = stream.ToArray();                  stream.Close();                  if (OnLine)                  {                      svrlog = "cmd::RequestAddFriendList";                  }                  else                  {                      svrlog = "cmd::RequestRemoveFriendList";                      DataRow[] DataRows = TabUser.Select(" UserName = '" + UserName + "'");                      if (DataRows.Length > 0)                      {                          DataRows[0]["ZX"] = false;                          DataRows[0]["UserIp"] = "";                      }                  }                  try                  {                      TabmyFriend.ReadXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" + TabmyFriend.TableName + ".xml");                      foreach (DataRow myrow in TabmyFriend.Rows)                      {                          if(_transmit_tb.ContainsKey(myrow["UserName"].ToString()))                          {                              Socket _clientSkt = _transmit_tb[myrow["UserName"].ToString()] as Socket;                            _clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(svrlog));                            _clientSkt.Send(ret);                          }                      }                  }                  catch                  { }              }      [code=C#][/code /// <summary>              /// 线程执行体,转发消息              /// </summary>              /// <param name="obj">传递给线程执行体的用户名,用以与用户通信 </param>              private void ThreadFunc(object obj)              {                  //通过转发表得到当前用户套接字                  Socket clientSkt = _transmit_tb[obj] as Socket;                //主循环                  while (true)                  {                      try                      {               //接受第一个数据包。              //由于程序逻辑结构简单,所以在这里对客户机发送的第一个包内容作逐一判断,              //这里的实现不够优雅,但不失为此简单模型的一个解决之道。                          byte[] packetBuff = new byte[_maxPacket];                          clientSkt.Receive(packetBuff);                          string _str = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(packetBuff).TrimEnd('\0');                          //如果是发给不在线好友的信息                          if (_str.StartsWith("cmd::FriendMessage"))                          {                              string UserName = _str.Substring("cmd::FriendMessage".Length, 20).Trim();                              string MessageS = _str.Substring("cmd::FriendMessage".Length + 20, _str.Length - "cmd::FriendMessage".Length - 20);                              SaveMessage(obj as string, UserName, MessageS);                              continue;                          }                          //如果是离线请求                          if (_str.StartsWith("cmd::RequestLogout"))                          {                              _transmit_tb.Remove(obj);                              UpdateFriendList((string)obj, false, "");                            //  string svrlog = string.Format("[系统消息]用户 {0} 在 {1} 已断开... 当前在线人数: {2}\r\n\r\n", obj, DateTime.Now, _transmit_tb.Count);                            //  Console.WriteLine(svrlog);                              //向所有客户机发送系统消息                              //foreach (DictionaryEntry de in _transmit_tb)                              //{                              //    string _clientName = de.Key as string;                              //    Socket _clientSkt = de.Value as Socket;                              //    _clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(svrlog));                              //}                              Thread.CurrentThread.Abort();                          }                          //如果是请求好友列表                          if (_str.StartsWith("cmd::RequestFriendList"))                          {                              SerializeFriendList(obj, clientSkt);                                                   // 将该用户不在线时的信息发送给用户                              DataTable TabMessage = ReadMessage(obj as string);                              if (TabMessage != null)                              {                    foreach (DataRow myrow in TabMessage.Rows)                  {                   if (myrow["SendUserName"].ToString() == "System::Message")              {                                              clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(myrow["Message"].ToString()));                                      }                                      else                                      {                                          clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("cmd::FriendMessage" + myrow["SendUserName"].ToString().PadRight(20, ' ') + myrow["Message"].ToString()));                                      }                                  }                              }                              //这里不需要再继续接受后继数据包了,跳出当前循环体。                              continue;                          }                          ////如果是请求好友列表                          //if (_str.StartsWith("cmd::RequestOnLineList"))                          //{                          //    byte[] onlineBuff = SerializeOnlineList();                          //    //先发送响应信号,用户客户机的判断                          //    clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("cmd::RequestOnLineList"));                          //    clientSkt.Send(onlineBuff);                          //    //这里不需要再继续接受后继数据包了,跳出当前循环体。                          //    continue;                          //}                          //查找用户                          if (_str.StartsWith("Find::FindFriend"))                          {                              DataTable TabFind = TabUser.Clone();                              DataRow [] FindRow =null  ;                              string UserName = _str.Substring("Find::FindFriend".Length, _str.Length - "Find::FindFriend".Length);                              if (UserName.Equals("Find::WhoOnLine"))                              { //看谁在线                                  FindRow = TabUser.Select(" ZX = 1");                              }                              else//精确查找                              {                                  FindRow = TabUser.Select("UserName = '" + UserName + "'");                              }                              foreach (DataRow myrow in FindRow)                              {                                  TabFind.ImportRow(myrow);                              }                              clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Find::FindFriend"));                              IFormatter format = new BinaryFormatter();                              MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();                              format.Serialize(stream, TabFind);                              stream.Position = 0;                              byte[] ret = new byte[_maxPacket];                              int count = 0;                              count = stream.Read(ret, 0, _maxPacket);                              while (count >0)                              {                                  clientSkt.Send(ret);                                count =  stream.Read(ret, 0, _maxPacket);                              }                              clientSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Find::FindFriendEnd"));                                stream.Close();                              TabFind = null;                              FindRow = null;      //这里不需要再继续接受后继数据包了,跳出当前循环体。                              continue;                          }                          //请求添加好友                          if (_str.StartsWith("Find::AddFriendAsk"))                          {                              string UserName = _str.Substring("Find::AddFriendAsk".Length, _str.Length - "Find::AddFriendAsk".Length);                              //通过转发表查找接收方的套接字                              if (_transmit_tb.Count != 0 && _transmit_tb.ContainsKey(UserName))                              {                                  Socket receiverSkt = _transmit_tb[UserName] as Socket;                                  receiverSkt.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Find::AddFriendAsk" + obj as string));                              }                              //这里不需要再继续接受后继数据包了,跳出当前循环体。                              continue;                          }                          //回复答应添加好友                          if (_str.StartsWith("Find::AddFriendYes"))                          {                              string UserName = _str.Substring("Find::AddFriendYes".Length, _str.Length - "Find::AddFriendYes".Length);                            //// 保存数据                              DataTable TabmyFriend = new DataTable() ;                              //保存该用户                              TabmyFriend.ReadXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" +  obj as string + ".xml");                              DataRow newRow = TabmyFriend.NewRow();                              newRow["UserName"] = UserName;                              TabmyFriend.Rows.Add(newRow);                              TabmyFriend.WriteXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" + obj as string + ".xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema, false);                              //保存其好友                              TabmyFriend = new DataTable();                              TabmyFriend.ReadXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" + UserName + ".xml");                              DataRow newRow1 = TabmyFriend.NewRow();                              newRow1["UserName"] = obj as string;                              TabmyFriend.Rows.Add(newRow1);                              TabmyFriend.WriteXml(MyPath + "\\UserFriend\" + UserName + ".xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema, false);                              TabmyFriend = null;                    //更新好友列表                              SerializeFriendList(obj, clientSkt);      上面发了服务器端,没发客户端,现在补上!不知道写的好不好,见笑了      C# code      public partial class Form1 : Form          {              private TcpClient client;              private bool isExit = false;              private NetworkStream networkStream;              private EventWaitHandle allDone = new EventWaitHandle(false, EventResetMode.ManualReset);            #region 用于一个线程操作另一个线程的控件              private delegate void SetListBoxCallback(string str);              private SetListBoxCallback setListBoxCallBack;              private delegate void SetRichTextBoxCallback(string str);              private SetRichTextBoxCallback setRichTextBoxCallBack;            #endregion              public Form1()              {                  InitializeComponent();                  listBoxStatus.HorizontalScrollbar = true;                  setListBoxCallBack = new SetListBoxCallback(SetListBox);                  setRichTextBoxCallBack = new SetRichTextBoxCallback(SetReceiveText);              }              //状态显示              private void SetListBox(string str)              {                  listBoxStatus.Items.Add(str);                  listBoxStatus.SelectedIndex = listBoxStatus.Items.Count - 1;                  listBoxStatus.ClearSelected();              }              //接收客户端信息              private void SetReceiveText(string str)              {                  richTextBoxReceive.AppendText(str);              }              //连接服务器....              private void buttonConnet_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)              {                  client = new TcpClient(AddressFamily.InterNetwork);                  //得到服务器IP                  IPAddress ip= IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");                  //创建一个委托,并知名在异步操作完成时执行的方法                  AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(RequestCallBack);                  allDone.Reset();                  client.BeginConnect(ip, 7100, RequestCallBack, client);              }              private void RequestCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)              {                  allDone.Set();                  try                  {                      client = (TcpClient)ar.AsyncState;                      client.EndConnect(ar);                      listBoxStatus.Invoke(setListBoxCallBack, string.Format("与服务器{0}连接成功", client.Client.RemoteEndPoint));                      networkStream = client.GetStream();                      ReadObject readObject = new ReadObject(networkStream, client.ReceiveBufferSize);                      networkStream.BeginRead(readObject.bytes, 0, readObject.bytes.Length, ReadCallBack, readObject);                  }                  catch (Exception e1)                  {                      listBoxStatus.Invoke(setListBoxCallBack, e1.Message);                      return;                  }              }              //异步操作完成时执行的回调调用的方法              private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)              {                  try                  {                      ReadObject ro = (ReadObject)ar.AsyncState;                      int count = ro.netStream.EndRead(ar);                      richTextBoxReceive.Invoke(setRichTextBoxCallBack, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ro.bytes, 0, count));                      if (isExit == false)                      {                          ro = new ReadObject(networkStream, client.ReceiveBufferSize);                          networkStream.BeginRead(ro.bytes, 0, ro.bytes.Length, ReadCallBack, ro);                      }                  }                  catch (Exception e2)                  {                      listBoxStatus.Invoke(setListBoxCallBack, e2.Message);                      return;                  }              }              //发送数据              private void SendString(string str)              {                  try                  {                      byte[] by = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str+"\r\n");                      networkStream.BeginWrite(by, 0, by.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), networkStream);                      networkStream.Flush();                  }catch(Exception e3){                      listBoxStatus.Invoke(setListBoxCallBack, e3.Message);                      return;                  }              }              //发送数据回调的方法              private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult ar)              {                  try                  {                      networkStream.EndWrite(ar);                  }                  catch (Exception e4)                  {                      listBoxStatus.Invoke(setListBoxCallBack, e4.Message);                      return;                  }              }              private void buttonSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)              {                  SendString(richTextBoxSend.Text);                  richTextBoxSend.Clear();              }              private void Form1_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)              {                  isExit = true;                  allDone.Set();              }          }   

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