mysq的主从复制、备份、还原搭建实验环境说明：在 RH5.4 yum安装 mysql部署master 数据库A，Centos 5.5 编译安
mysq的主从复制、备份、还原
搭建实验环境说明：
在 RH5.4 yum安装 mysql部署master 数据库A，Centos 5.5 编译安装mysql 部署slave数据库B；mysql?版本信息： ?master ?mysql-5.0.77? ? slave ：mysql-5.0.87?????? ?//测试环境并没有考虑版本问题提示：（关闭selinux）---------------------------------------------------------一般情况：mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'设置root用户访问mysql的密码；
mysql -uroot -p 键如密码即可登录mysql>界面一、##########################在master mysql操作：##########################
1、授权从服务器的root用户来主服务器同步资源的权限
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT,RELOAD,SUPER ON *.* TO root#slave IP???? IDENTIFIED BY '123456';???????????? //将#换成@#如果需要的话添加管理用户，通过mysql的客户端来测试同步的情况mysql>flush privileges;?????????????????????????????????????????? // 刷新权限，使设置生效#在node2上使用一下命令测试授权是否成功#mysql -h 192.168.0.42 -uroot -p2、在master mysql 配置
#vim /etc/my.cnf# 确保有如下行
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=mytest
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#binlog-do-db=??????????????????????????????????? // 需要备份的数据库名，可写多行
#binlog-ignore-db=???????????????????????????? // 不需要备份的数据库名，可写多行二、
##########################在slave mysql操作：###########################1、编辑/etc/my.cnf
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
master-host=192.168.0.123
master-user=rootmaster-password=123456
master-port=3306
replicate-do-db=mytest
可选项如下：
# replicate-do-db=test????????????????????????????? ?//? 需要备份的数据库名
# replicate-ignore-db=mysql??????????????????????? // ?忽略的数据库
# master-connect-retry=60????????//如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉，重新连接的时间差(秒)三、##########################在master mysql操作：##########################1、创建测试数据库mysql> create database mytest;??????????????????????//创建mytest库
mysql>show?databases;
mysql> use mytest;???????????? mysql> show tables;+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| mytable?????????????????? |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql>ceate table mytable (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1), birth DATE, birthaddr VARCHAR(20));
mysql>describe mytable;?mysql>insert into mytable values?? ('hanfeng','b','1987-08-08','china');?mysql>insert into mytable values?? ('feiniao','g','1988-08-08','china');mysql>select * from mytable;+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name???? | sex? | birth????? | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng? | s??? | 1985-08-08 | china???? |
| feiniao? | g??? | 1988-08-08 | china???? |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+?2、在master使用mysqldump命令将数据库导出：#mysqldump -uroot mytest? > mysql.sql3、使用scp命令将mysql.sql拷贝到slave#scp mysq.sql root#slaveIP:/root???????????????? //将#换成@四、##########################在slave mysql操作：###########################1、创建mytest数据库，mysql> create database mytest；2、将mysql.sql导入其中
#mysql -uroot -p mytest < mysql.sql3、检查mysql.sql导入是否成功mysql> create database mytest;????????????????????????mysql>show?databases;
mysql> use mytest;???????????? mysql> show tables;+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| mytable??????????? |
+------------------+mysql>select * from mytable;+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name???? | sex? | birth????? | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng? | s??? | 1985-08-08 | china???? |
| feiniao? | g??? | 1988-08-08 | china???? |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+?4、验证配置的正确性mysql>start slave；??????????????????? // 如果启动失败，参看以下错误处理②
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row *******************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 必须的
Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
Master_User: rootMaster_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 287
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 424
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes???? ?# 为YES状态??（说明：如果出现NO请参看下面错误解答！）
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes?? # 为YES状态
Replicate_Do_DB: mytest
Replicate_Ignore_DB:#####################################################################????????????????????????????????????? 此时使用mysqldump的备份与还原基本完成五、
##########################在master mysql操作：##########################
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>insert into mytable values? ('shanghai','s','2011-09-13','china');mysql>select * from mytable;
向mytest数据库的mytable表中插入一新记录；
在slave服务器上
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>select * from mytable;
得到：
mysql> select * from mytable;
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
| name????? | sex? | birth????? | birthaddr??? ?? |
+-----------+------+------------+----------------+
| hanfeng?? | b??? | 1987-08-08 | china???? ? |
| feiniao??? ?| g??? | 1988-08-08 | china??????? |
| shanghai | s??? | 2011-09-13 | china? ???|
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
?3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
?基于mysql数据库文件的主从同步与AB复制及数据备份到此完成！?总结：##############################? 错误处理?① ##########################对于?????? Slave_IO_Running: No
?????????????? Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
错误解答Master slave 复制错误
Description：
Slave_IO_Running:NO
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
本人遇到的Slave_IO_Running:NO的情况有下面两种：
1. 在配置slave同步时因为slave访问master没有权限导致；
2. master上的mysql-bin.xxxxxx文件全被我误删除了；
对于第一种情况，仔细检查数据库访问权限即可解决；
对于第二种情况：
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
???????????? Slave_IO_State:
??????????????? Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
??????????????? Master_User: slave
??????????????? Master_Port: 3306
????????????? Connect_Retry: 60
??????????? Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000016
??????? Read_Master_Log_Pos: 173
???????????? Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000008
????????????? Relay_Log_Pos: 98
????? Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000016
?????????? Slave_IO_Running: No
????????? Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
??????????? Replicate_Do_DB:
??????? Replicate_Ignore_DB:
???????? Replicate_Do_Table:
???? Replicate_Ignore_Table: br>??????????????????????????? Last_Error: 0
?????????????? Skip_Counter: 0
??????? Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 173
??????????? Relay_Log_Space: 98
??????????? Until_Condition: None
???????????? Until_Log_File:
????????????? Until_Log_Pos: 0
???????? Master_SSL_Allowed: No
???????? Master_SSL_CA_File:
???????? Master_SSL_CA_Path:
??????????? Master_SSL_Cert:
????????? Master_SSL_Cipher:
???????????? Master_SSL_Key:
????? Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)解决步骤：
重启master库：service mysqld restart
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------+
| File???????????? | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |?????? 98 |????????????? |????????????????????????????????????? ?? |
+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> change master to Master_Log_File='mysql-bin.000001',Master_Log_Pos=98;
mysql> slave start;
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
???????????? Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
??????????????? Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
??????????????? Master_User: slave
??????????????? Master_Port: 3306
????????????? Connect_Retry: 60
??????????? Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
??????? Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98
???????????? Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
????????????? Relay_Log_Pos: 235
????? Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
?????????? Slave_IO_Running: Yes
????????? Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
??????????? Replicate_Do_DB:
??? Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
???????? Replicate_Do_Table:
???? Replicate_Ignore_Table:
??? Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
???????????????? Last_Errno: 0
???????????????? Last_Error:
?????????????? Skip_Counter: 0
??????? Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98
??????????? Relay_Log_Space: 235
??????????? Until_Condition: None
???????????? Until_Log_File:
????????????? Until_Log_Pos: 0
???????? Master_SSL_Allowed: No
???????? Master_SSL_CA_File:
???????? Master_SSL_CA_Path:
??????????? Master_SSL_Cert:
????????? Master_SSL_Cipher:
???????????? Master_SSL_Key:
????? Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##############################? 错误处理?② ##########################问题：如果你的mysql数据库已经有数据存储使用，将导致master与slave日志错误！
mysql> start slave;
ERROR 1201 (HY000): Could not initialize master info structure; more error messages can be found in the MySQL error log
mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)处理：删除mysql-bin.000001 日志文件，并重启mysql服务
1、master
#rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*.*????????
2、slave
#rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/var/*.*???
3、service mysqld restart
