WxWidget多平台交叉编译环境搭建
wxWidget作为知名的跨平台界面开发框架，已经有相当长的历史了，最近利用业余时间研究了wxWidget框架在Ubuntu下的开发方法，其中搭建开发环境走了一些弯路，参考了网上不少好文，总算尘埃落定，不敢独享，把搭建步骤记录于此，希望给有同样研究兴趣的同学一个参考。
那么现在开始...
开始之前需要安装：
C++ 基本开发环境：sudo apt-get install build-essential 安装X11库文件：sudo apt-get install libx11-dev 安装GTK需要的一堆东西：sudo apt-get install gnome-core-devel 安装minGW32，windows交叉编译工具：sudo aptitude install -y mingw32 mingw32-binutils mingw32-runtime gcc-mingw32
说明：因为我搭建的环境预备用来编译gtk,x11和msw(MS Windows)三个平台的代码，所以需要先安装这三种平台的交叉编译工具，如果还要编译其他平台的程序，就还得安装其他平台的编译工具。
以下为配置步骤：
1. 从wxWidget官方网站下载源代码包wxAll版本，次级版本号为双数的是稳定版本（目前是2.8.12），单数是最新开发版（2.9.4），一般而言不够稳定，我们下载稳定版：
wxWidgets-2.8.12.tar.gz（ http://www.wxwidgets.org/downloads/ ）
解压到/home/youxin/code/wxWidgets-2.8.12，作为程序根目录:
tar -xzvf wxWidgets-2.8.12.tar.gz
2.在程序根目录wxWidgets-2.8.12下，建立各平台文件夹，目前建立了一下三个：
build28-gtk-ud //存放gtk平台文件 build28-x11-ud //存放x11平台文件 build28-msw-ud //存放MS Windows平台文件
自己定的目录命名规则，u代表开启unicode,d代表开启debug, s代表开启shared lib, 没有这些字母表示不开启 如果后续要建立gtk平台unicode, release版本，连接动态库的编译环境，则目录名为build28-gtk-urs
一下三步参考《Cross-Platform GUI Programming with wxWidgets EN.chm》Appendix A:installing wxWidgets--Linux,Unix, and Mac OS X, GCC
3.编译和配置gtk环境：
cd build28-gtk-ud sudo ../configure --with-gtk --enable-unicode --enable-debug --disable-shared //该步骤在当前目录下生成平台的各种文件 //上一指令隐含参数--build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu sudo make //编译平台库文件 sudo make install //将库文件安装到/usr/local/lib,其他用户可以共享使用；将当前配置wx-config拷贝到usr/local/bin,作为默认编译配置 sudo ldconfig //更新、注册新添加的动态库
4.编译和配置x11环境：
cd build28-x11-ud sudo ../configure --with-x11 --enable-unicode --enable-debug --disable-shared //上一指令隐含参数--build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu sudo make sudo make install sudo ldconfig
5.编译和配置msw环境：
cd build28-msw-ud sudo ../configure --with-msw --host=i586-mingw32msvc --build=i686-linux --enable-unicode --enable-debug --disable-shared //上一指令隐含参数--target=i586-mingw32msvc sudo make sudo make install sudo ldconfig
以上三个步骤执行完后，每个build目录都会生成samples文件夹，里面会为每个平台生成对应的例子编译makefile文件，直接在例子的目录中执行make,可以编译出例子。
6.在任意程序目录使用默认配置编译代码,以simple.cpp为例，使用命令：
g++ -o simple simple.cpp `wx-config --cxxflags --libs`
命令中`符号不是单引号，是ESC键下面的符号。该符号括住的命令会被命令行执行，返回值作为命令行参数。
wx-config命令返回默认的编译参数和引用库路径（--cxx参数返回编译器名，--cxflags返回编译参数，--libs返回编译依赖的库文件和库目录），wx-config存在于/usr/local/bin,由最近一次在目录build28-gtk-ud, build28-x11-ud或build28-msw-ud中执行sudo make install创建，因此编译配置由最后一次make install所在目录决定。
如果不希望用默认配置编译（希望手工选择编译目标平台），可以用一下命令：
gtk平台：g++ -o simple_gtk simple.cpp `~/code/wxWidgets-2.8.12/build28-gtk-ud/wx-config --libs --cxxflags` x11平台：g++ -o simple_x11 simple.cpp `~/code/wxWidgets-2.8.12/build28-x11-ud/wx-config --libs --cxxflags` msw平台：i586-mingw32msvc-g++ -o simple_msw simple.cpp `~/code/wxWidgets-2.8.12/build28-msw-ud/wx-config --libs --cxxflags`
注意：在目录build28-gtk-ud, build28-x11-ud或build28-msw-ud中，命令行直接输入执行:
wx-config --libs
实际执行的是/usr/local/bin中的版本，如果要执行目录中特定平台的版本，需要显示指定：
~/code/wxWidgets-2.8.12/build28-gtk-ud/wx-config --libs
附上configure脚本基本调用模式：
在建立的平台文件夹中输入：
../configure --enable-unicode --disable-debug --disable-shared 一般对unicode,debug,shared三个选项进行enable和disable设置。
configure参数：
`configure' configures wxWidgets 2.8.12 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
Usage:
./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as VAR=VALUE. See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
Configuration:
-h, --help display this help and exit --help=short display options specific to this package --help=recursive display the short help of all the included packages -V, --version display version information and exit -q, --quiet, --silent do not print `checking...' messages --cache-file=FILE cache test results in FILE [disabled] -C, --config-cache alias for `--cache-file=config.cache' -n, --no-create do not create output files --srcdir=DIR find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']
Installation directories:
--prefix=PREFIX install architecture-independent files in PREFIX [/usr/local] --exec-prefix=EPREFIX install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX [PREFIX]
By default, `make install' will install all the files in `/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/lib' etc. You can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' using `--prefix', for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.
For better control, use the options below.
Fine tuning of the installation directories:
--bindir=DIR user executables [EPREFIX/bin] --sbindir=DIR system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin] --libexecdir=DIR program executables [EPREFIX/libexec] --datadir=DIR read-only architecture-independent data [PREFIX/share] --sysconfdir=DIR read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc] --sharedstatedir=DIR modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com] --localstatedir=DIR modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var] --libdir=DIR object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib] --includedir=DIR C header files [PREFIX/include] --oldincludedir=DIR C header files for non-gcc [/usr/include] --infodir=DIR info documentation [PREFIX/info] --mandir=DIR man documentation [PREFIX/man]
X features:
--x-includes=DIR X include files are in DIR --x-libraries=DIR X library files are in DIR
System types:
--build=BUILD configure for building on BUILD [guessed] --host=HOST cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD] --target=TARGET configure for building compilers for TARGET [HOST]
Optional Features:
--disable-FEATURE do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no) --enable-FEATURE[=ARG] include FEATURE [ARG=yes] --enable-gui use GUI classes --enable-monolithic build wxWidgets as single library --enable-plugins build parts of wxWidgets as loadable components --enable-universal use wxWidgets GUI controls instead of native ones --enable-nanox use NanoX --disable-gtk2 use GTK+ 1.2 instead of 2.0 --enable-gpe use GNOME PDA Environment features if possible --enable-shared create shared library code --enable-optimise compile without optimisations --enable-debug same as debug_flag and debug_info --enable-stl use STL for containers --enable-omf use OMF object format --enable-debug_flag set __WXDEBUG__ flag (recommended for developers!) --enable-debug_info create code with debugging information --enable-debug_gdb create code with extra GDB debugging information --enable-debug_cntxt use wxDebugContext --enable-mem_tracing create code with memory tracing --enable-profile create code with profiling information --enable-no_rtti create code without RTTI information --enable-no_exceptions create code without C++ exceptions handling --enable-permissive compile code disregarding strict ANSI --enable-no_deps create code without dependency information --disable-vararg_macros don't use vararg macros, even if they are supported --enable-universal_binary create Mac PowerPC and Intel Universal binary --enable-compat24 enable wxWidgets 2.4 compatibility --disable-compat26 disable wxWidgets 2.6 compatibility --disable-rpath disable use of rpath for uninstalled builds --enable-objc_uniquifying enable Objective-C class name uniquifying --enable-abi-incompatible-features Enables features that break ABI compatibility --enable-intl use internationalization system --enable-config use wxConfig (and derived) classes --enable-protocols use wxProtocol and derived classes --enable-ftp use wxFTP (requires wxProtocol --enable-http use wxHTTP (requires wxProtocol --enable-fileproto use wxFileProto class (requires wxProtocol --enable-sockets use socket/network classes --enable-ole use OLE classes (Win32 only) --enable-dataobj use data object classes --enable-ipc use interprocess communication (wxSocket etc.) --enable-apple_ieee use the Apple IEEE codec --enable-arcstream use wxArchive streams --enable-backtrace use wxStackWalker class for getting backtraces --enable-catch_segvs catch signals in wxApp::OnFatalException (Unix only) --enable-cmdline use wxCmdLineParser class --enable-datetime use wxDateTime class --enable-debugreport use wxDebugReport class --enable-dialupman use dialup network classes --enable-dynlib use wxLibrary class for DLL loading --enable-dynamicloader use (new) wxDynamicLibrary class --enable-exceptions build exception-safe library --enable-ffile use wxFFile class --enable-file use wxFile class --enable-filesystem use virtual file systems classes --enable-fontmap use font encodings conversion classes --enable-fs_archive use virtual archive filesystems --enable-fs_inet use virtual HTTP/FTP filesystems --enable-fs_zip now replaced by fs_archive --enable-geometry use geometry class --enable-log use logging system --enable-longlong use wxLongLong class --enable-mimetype use wxMimeTypesManager --enable-mslu use MS Layer for Unicode on Windows 9x (Win32 only) --enable-snglinst use wxSingleInstanceChecker class --enable-std_iostreams use standard C++ stream classes --enable-std_string use standard C++ string classes --enable-stdpaths use wxStandardPaths class --enable-stopwatch use wxStopWatch class --enable-streams use wxStream etc classes --enable-sysoptions use wxSystemOptions --enable-tarstream use wxTar streams --enable-textbuf use wxTextBuffer class --enable-textfile use wxTextFile class --enable-timer use wxTimer class --enable-unicode compile wxString with Unicode support --enable-sound use wxSound class --enable-mediactrl use wxMediaCtrl class --enable-gstreamer8 force GStreamer 0.8 instead of 0.10 with the wxMediaCtrl class on unix --enable-printfposparam use wxVsnprintf() which supports positional parameters --enable-zipstream use wxZip streams --enable-url use wxURL class --enable-variant use wxVariant class --enable-protocol use wxProtocol class --enable-protocol-http HTTP support in wxProtocol --enable-protocol-ftp FTP support in wxProtocol --enable-protocol-file FILE support in wxProtocol --enable-threads use threads --enable-docview use document view architecture --enable-help use help subsystem --enable-mshtmlhelp use MS HTML Help (win32) --enable-html use wxHTML sub-library --enable-htmlhelp use wxHTML-based help --enable-xrc use XRC resources sub-library --enable-aui use AUI docking library --enable-constraints use layout-constraints system --enable-printarch use printing architecture --enable-mdi use multiple document interface architecture --enable-mdidoc use docview architecture with MDI --enable-loggui use standard GUI logger --enable-logwin use wxLogWindow --enable-logdialog use wxLogDialog --enable-webkit use wxWebKitCtrl (Mac) --enable-richtext use wxRichTextCtrl --enable-graphics_ctx use graphics context 2D drawing API --enable-postscript use wxPostscriptDC device context (default for gtk+) --enable-prologio not available; see contrib --enable-resources not available; see contrib --enable-clipboard use wxClipboard class --enable-dnd use Drag'n'Drop classes --enable-metafile use win32 metafiles --enable-controls use all usual controls --enable-accel use accelerators --enable-animatectrl use wxAnimationCtrl class --enable-button use wxButton class --enable-bmpbutton use wxBitmapButton class --enable-bmpcombobox use wxBitmapComboBox class --enable-calendar use wxCalendarCtrl class --enable-caret use wxCaret class --enable-checkbox use wxCheckBox class --enable-checklst use wxCheckListBox (listbox with checkboxes) class --enable-choice use wxChoice class --enable-choicebook use wxChoicebook class --enable-collpane use wxCollapsiblePane class --enable-colourpicker use wxColourPickerCtrl class --enable-combobox use wxComboBox class --enable-comboctrl use wxComboCtrl class --enable-datepick use wxDatePickerCtrl class --enable-dirpicker use wxDirPickerCtrl class --enable-display use wxDisplay class --enable-detect_sm use code to detect X11 session manager --enable-filepicker use wxFilePickerCtrl class --enable-fontpicker use wxFontPickerCtrl class --enable-gauge use wxGauge class --enable-grid use wxGrid class --enable-dataviewctrl use wxDataViewCtrl class --enable-hyperlink use wxHyperlinkCtrl class --enable-imaglist use wxImageList class --enable-listbook use wxListbook class --enable-listbox use wxListBox class --enable-listctrl use wxListCtrl class --enable-notebook use wxNotebook class --enable-odcombobox use wxOwnerDrawnComboBox class --enable-radiobox use wxRadioBox class --enable-radiobtn use wxRadioButton class --enable-sash use wxSashWindow class --enable-scrollbar use wxScrollBar class and scrollable windows --enable-searchctrl use wxSearchCtrl class --enable-slider use wxSlider class --enable-spinbtn use wxSpinButton class --enable-spinctrl use wxSpinCtrl class --enable-splitter use wxSplitterWindow class --enable-statbmp use wxStaticBitmap class --enable-statbox use wxStaticBox class --enable-statline use wxStaticLine class --enable-stattext use wxStaticText class --enable-statusbar use wxStatusBar class --enable-tabdialog use wxTabControl class --enable-textctrl use wxTextCtrl class --enable-togglebtn use wxToggleButton class --enable-toolbar use wxToolBar class --enable-tbarnative use native wxToolBar class --enable-treebook use wxTreebook class --enable-toolbook use wxToolbook class --enable-treectrl use wxTreeCtrl class --enable-tipwindow use wxTipWindow class --enable-popupwin use wxPopUpWindow class --enable-commondlg use all common dialogs --enable-aboutdlg use wxAboutBox --enable-choicedlg use wxChoiceDialog --enable-coldlg use wxColourDialog --enable-filedlg use wxFileDialog --enable-finddlg use wxFindReplaceDialog --enable-fontdlg use wxFontDialog --enable-dirdlg use wxDirDialog --enable-msgdlg use wxMessageDialog --enable-numberdlg use wxNumberEntryDialog --enable-splash use wxSplashScreen --enable-textdlg use wxTextDialog --enable-tipdlg use startup tips --enable-progressdlg use wxProgressDialog --enable-wizarddlg use wxWizard --enable-menus use wxMenu/wxMenuBar/wxMenuItem classes --enable-miniframe use wxMiniFrame class --enable-tooltips use wxToolTip class --enable-splines use spline drawing code --enable-mousewheel use mousewheel --enable-validators use wxValidator and derived classes --enable-busyinfo use wxBusyInfo --enable-joystick use wxJoystick --enable-metafiles use wxMetaFile (Win32 only) --enable-dragimage use wxDragImage --enable-accessibility enable accessibility support --enable-dccache cache temporary wxDC objects (Win32 only) --enable-palette use wxPalette class --enable-image use wxImage class --enable-gif use gif images (GIF file format) --enable-pcx use pcx images (PCX file format) --enable-tga use tga images (TGA file format) --enable-iff use iff images (IFF file format) --enable-pnm use pnm images (PNM file format) --enable-xpm use xpm images (XPM file format) --enable-icocur use Windows ICO and CUR formats --enable-official_build official build of wxWidgets (win32 DLL only) --enable-vendor=VENDOR vendor name (win32 DLL only) --disable-largefile omit support for large files --disable-gtktest do not try to compile and run a test GTK+ program --disable-gtktest Do not try to compile and run a test GTK program --disable-sdltest Do not try to compile and run a test SDL program --enable-omf use OMF object format (OS/2) --disable-dependency-tracking don't use dependency tracking even if the compiler can --disable-precomp-headers don't use precompiled headers even if compiler can
Optional Packages:
--with-PACKAGE[=ARG] use PACKAGE [ARG=yes] --without-PACKAGE do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no) --without-subdirs don't generate makefiles for samples/demos/... --with-gtk[=VERSION] use GTK+, VERSION can be 2 (default), 1 or "any" --with-motif use Motif/Lesstif --with-mac use Mac OS X --with-cocoa use Cocoa --with-wine use Wine --with-msw use MS-Windows --with-pm use OS/2 Presentation Manager --with-mgl use SciTech MGL --with-directfb use DirectFB --with-microwin use MicroWindows --with-x11 use X11 --with-libpng use libpng (PNG image format) --with-libjpeg use libjpeg (JPEG file format) --with-libtiff use libtiff (TIFF file format) --with-libxpm use libxpm (XPM file format) --with-libmspack use libmspack (CHM help files loading) --with-sdl use SDL for audio on Unix --with-gnomeprint use GNOME print for printing under GNOME --with-gnomevfs use GNOME VFS for associating MIME types --with-hildon use Hildon framework for Nokia 770 --with-opengl use OpenGL (or Mesa) --with-themes=all|list use only the specified comma-separated list of wxUniversal themes --with-dmalloc use dmalloc library (http://dmalloc.com/) --with-regex enable support for wxRegEx class --with-zlib use zlib for LZW compression --with-odbc use the IODBC and wxODBC classes --with-expat enable XML support using expat parser --with-macosx-sdk=PATH use an OS X SDK at PATH --with-macosx-version-min=VER build binaries which require at least this OS X version --with-flavour=NAME specify a name to identify this build --with-gtk-prefix=PFX Prefix where GTK is installed (optional) --with-gtk-exec-prefix=PFX Exec prefix where GTK is installed (optional) --with-x use the X Window System --with-libiconv-prefix=DIR search for libiconv in DIR/include and DIR/lib --with-sdl-prefix=PFX Prefix where SDL is installed (optional) --with-sdl-exec-prefix=PFX Exec prefix where SDL is installed (optional) --with-cppunit-prefix=PFX Prefix where CppUnit is installed (optional) --with-cppunit-exec-prefix=PFX Exec prefix where CppUnit is installed (optional)
Some influential environment variables:
CC C compiler command CFLAGS C compiler flags LDFLAGS linker flags, e.g. -L<lib dir> if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory <lib dir> CPPFLAGS C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include dir> if you have headers in a nonstandard directory <include dir> CPP C preprocessor CXX C++ compiler command CXXFLAGS C++ compiler flags PKG_CONFIG path to pkg-config utility DIRECTFB_CFLAGS C compiler flags for DIRECTFB, overriding pkg-config DIRECTFB_LIBS linker flags for DIRECTFB, overriding pkg-config PANGOX_CFLAGS C compiler flags for PANGOX, overriding pkg-config PANGOX_LIBS linker flags for PANGOX, overriding pkg-config PANGOFT2_CFLAGS C compiler flags for PANGOFT2, overriding pkg-config PANGOFT2_LIBS linker flags for PANGOFT2, overriding pkg-config PANGOXFT_CFLAGS C compiler flags for PANGOXFT, overriding pkg-config PANGOXFT_LIBS linker flags for PANGOXFT, overriding pkg-config LIBGNOMEPRINTUI_CFLAGS C compiler flags for LIBGNOMEPRINTUI, overriding pkg-config LIBGNOMEPRINTUI_LIBS linker flags for LIBGNOMEPRINTUI, overriding pkg-config GNOMEVFS_CFLAGS C compiler flags for GNOMEVFS, overriding pkg-config GNOMEVFS_LIBS linker flags for GNOMEVFS, overriding pkg-config HILDON_CFLAGS C compiler flags for HILDON, overriding pkg-config HILDON_LIBS linker flags for HILDON, overriding pkg-config CAIRO_CFLAGS C compiler flags for CAIRO, overriding pkg-config CAIRO_LIBS linker flags for CAIRO, overriding pkg-config GST_CFLAGS C compiler flags for GST, overriding pkg-config GST_LIBS linker flags for GST, overriding pkg-config
Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help it to find libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.
Report bugs to <wx-dev@lists.wxwidgets.org>.
