Struts2使用注解实现文件的上传与下载(一)
在Struts2中借助Commons FileUpload组件很容易实现文件的上传与下载,Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹,然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中,从而我们能够以本地文件方式操作浏览器上传文件。但是这些例子大多需要在struts.xml中进行配置,比较麻烦,好在Struts2中提供了struts2-convention-plugin插件,可以在程序中使用注解对Action进行配置,使之更加灵活。
下面介绍使用注解实现文件的上传:
1. 添加依赖的jar包

2. 配置struts.xml文件,这里的struts文件基本上不需要配置,如下即可:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN""http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"><struts><constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /><constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /><constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action" /><!-- 指定允许上传的文件最大字节数,默认值是2097152(2M),使用struts常量扩大默认上传文件大小 --><constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="104857600"></constant></struts>3. 编写文件上传的Action:FileUploadAction.java
package com.figo.action;import java.io.BufferedInputStream;import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRef;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRefs;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;@Action("fileUpload")@InterceptorRefs(value = { @InterceptorRef("fileUploadStack") })@Results({ @Result(name = "success", location = "/result.jsp") })public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l;private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024;// 封装上传文件域的属性private File upload;// 封装上传文件类型的属性private String contentType;// 封装上传文件名的属性private String fileName;private String storageFileName;// private String storagePath;// since we are using <s:file name="upload" ... /> the File itself will be// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>public File getUpload() {return upload;}public void setUpload(File upload) {this.upload = upload;}public String getFileName() {return fileName;}public void setFileName(String fileName) {this.fileName = fileName;}// since we are using <s:file name="upload" .../> the file name will be// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>FileNamepublic String getUploadFileName() {return fileName;}public void setUploadFileName(String fileName) {this.fileName = fileName;}public String getStorageFileName() {return storageFileName;}public void setStorageFileName(String storageFileName) {this.storageFileName = storageFileName;}// since we are using <s:file name="upload" ... /> the content type will be// obtained through getter/setter of <file-tag-name>ContentTypepublic String getUploadContentType() {return contentType;}public void setUploadContentType(String contentType) {this.contentType = contentType;}public String getContentType() {return contentType;}public void setContentType(String contentType) {this.contentType = contentType;}public void copy(File src, File dst) {try {InputStream in = null;OutputStream out = null;try {in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(src),BUFFER_SIZE);out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dst),BUFFER_SIZE);byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];while (in.read(buffer) > 0) {out.write(buffer);}} finally {if (null != in) {in.close();}if (null != out) {out.close();}}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}public static String getExtention(String fileName) {int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");return fileName.substring(pos);}@Overridepublic String execute() throws Exception {// storageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);storageFileName = fileName;System.out.println("FileName: " + fileName);System.out.println("ContentType: " + contentType);System.out.println("File: " + upload);File storageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload") + "/" + storageFileName);copy(upload, storageFile);return SUCCESS;}} FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的upload文件夹下。4. 编写文件上传的表单页面 upload.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" ><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>File Upload</title></head><body><s:form action="fileUpload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><s:file name="upload" label="File" /><s:submit /></s:form></body></html>将表单的提交方式设为POST,然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data, <s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的upload属性。
5. 结果返回页面 result.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=utf-8"pageEncoding="utf-8"%><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%><! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" ><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>File upload success</title></head><body>File<s:property value="fileName" />upload success.<br /> Saved as<s:property value="storageFileName" /><br /> File:<s:property value="upload" /><br /> ContentType:<s:property value="contentType" /></body></html>
6. 配置web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Upload</display-name> <filter><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>actionPackages</param-name> <param-value>com.figo.action</param-value> </init-param> </filter><filter> <filter-name>struts-cleanup</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts-cleanup</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping><filter-name>struts2</filter-name><url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list></web-app>
重点是在filter里添加<init-param>,actionPackages为Action文件所在的包。
7. 页面测试:
文件上传页面:

文件上传返回结果:

因为是在eclipse工程里进行的测试,所以文件保存在了临时文件里,如果是真正发布的话,上传的文件就会保存到预先设置好的目录中。
注:
1. struts2默认最大只能上传2M的文件,可以在struts.xml中扩大默认文件上传的大小。
2. 总结常用的注解如下:
Namespace:指定命名空间。
ParentPackage:指定父包。
Result:提供了Action结果的映射(一个结果的映射)。
Results:“Result”注解列表。
ResultPath:指定结果页面的基路径。
Action:指定Action的访问URL。
Actions:“Action”注解列表。
ExceptionMapping:指定异常映射(映射一个声明异常)。
ExceptionMappings:一级声明异常的数组。
InterceptorRef:拦截器引用。
InterceptorRefs:拦截器引用组。
这里只是给大家起个抛砖引玉的效果,程序本身很简单,主要是配置,下一篇介绍零配置文件下载。
源代码下载链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/sxwyf248/4462899