我使用过的Linux命令之pstree - 以树状图显示进程间的关系
我使用过的Linux命令之pstree - 以树状图显示进程间的关系
本文链接：http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/842156 ? （转载请注明出处）
用途说明pstree命令以树状图显示进程间的关系（display a tree of processes）。ps命令可以显示当前正在运行的那些进程的信息，但是对于它们之间的关系却显示得不够清晰。在Linux系统中，系统调用fork可以创建子进程，通过子shell也可以创建子进程，Linux系统中进程之间的关系天生就是一棵树，树的根就是进程PID为1的init进程。
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常用参数格式：pstree
以树状图显示进程，只显示进程的名字，且相同进程合并显示。
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格式：pstree -p
以树状图显示进程，还显示进程PID。
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格式：pstree <pid>
格式：pstree -p <pid>
以树状图显示进程PID为<pid>的进程以及子孙进程，如果有-p参数则同时显示每个进程的PID。
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格式：pstree -a
以树状图显示进程，相同名称的进程不合并显示，并且会显示命令行参数，如果有-p参数则同时显示每个进程的PID。
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因为pstree输出的信息可能比较多，所以最好与more/less配合使用。
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使用示例示例一[root@web ~]# pstree
init-+-acpid
???? |-atd
???? |-auditd-+-audispd---{audispd}
???? |??????? `-{auditd}
???? |-automount---4*[{automount}]
???? |-avahi-daemon---avahi-daemon
???? |-crond---5*[crond-+-mj.sh]
???? |????????????????? `-sendmail]
???? |-cupsd
???? |-dbus-daemon---{dbus-daemon}
???? |-events/0
???? |-events/1
???? |-gam_server
???? |-gpm
???? |-hald---hald-runner-+-hald-addon-acpi
???? |??????????????????? |-hald-addon-keyb
???? |??????????????????? `-hald-addon-stor
???? |-hcid
???? |-hidd
???? |-hpiod
???? |-java-+-java---17*[{java}]
???? |????? `-14*[{java}]
???? |-java-+-java---29*[{java}]
???? |????? `-14*[{java}]
???? |-java-+-java---34*[{java}]
???? |????? `-14*[{java}]
???? |-java---20*[{java}]
???? |-java---292*[{java}]
???? |-khelper
???? |-klogd
???? |-krfcommd
???? |-ksoftirqd/0
???? |-ksoftirqd/1
???? |-kthread-+-aio/0
???? |???????? |-aio/1
???? |???????? |-ata/0
???? |???????? |-ata/1
???? |???????? |-ata_aux
???? |???????? |-cqueue/0
???? |???????? |-cqueue/1
???? |???????? |-hd-audio0
???? |???????? |-kacpid
???? |???????? |-kauditd
???? |???????? |-kblockd/0
???? |???????? |-kblockd/1
???? |???????? |-khubd
???? |???????? |-khungtaskd
???? |???????? |-2*[kjournald]
???? |???????? |-kmpath_handlerd
???? |???????? |-kmpathd/0
???? |???????? |-kmpathd/1
???? |???????? |-kondemand/0
???? |???????? |-kondemand/1
???? |???????? |-kpsmoused
???? |???????? |-kseriod
???? |???????? |-ksnapd
???? |???????? |-kstriped
???? |???????? |-kswapd0
???? |???????? |-2*[pdflush]
???? |???????? |-rpciod/0
???? |???????? |-rpciod/1
???? |???????? |-scsi_eh_0
???? |???????? |-scsi_eh_1
???? |???????? |-scsi_eh_2
???? |???????? |-scsi_eh_3
???? |???????? |-scsi_eh_4
???? |???????? `-scsi_eh_5
???? |-loop0
???? |-mcstransd
???? |-migration/0
???? |-migration/1
???? |-6*[mingetty]
???? |-mj.sh---make---java---11*[{java}]
???? |-ntpd
???? |-pcscd---{pcscd}
???? |-portmap
???? |-python
???? |-restorecond
???? |-rpc.idmapd
???? |-rpc.statd
???? |-screen---bash---update.sh---cvs
???? |-sendmail---2*[sendmail]
???? |-sendmail
???? |-setroubleshootd---2*[{setroubleshootd}]
???? |-smartd
???? |-sshd-+-sshd---bash---update_and_rest---cvs
???? |????? |-sshd---bash---pstree
???? |????? `-sshd---bash
???? |-start_derby.sh---java---45*[{java}]
???? |-surf---8*[{surf}]
???? |-syslogd
???? |-tomcat---sleep
???? |-udevd
???? |-watchdog/0
???? |-watchdog/1
???? |-xfs
???? |-xinetd
???? `-yum-updatesd
[root@web ~]#
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示例二[root@web ~]# pstree -p | less
init(1)-+-acpid(2569)
??????? |-atd(2983)
??????? |-auditd(2225)-+-audispd(2227)---{audispd}(2232)
??????? |????????????? `-{auditd}(2226)
??????? |-automount(2654)-+-{automount}(2655)
??????? |???????????????? |-{automount}(2656)
??????? |???????????????? |-{automount}(2659)
??????? |???????????????? `-{automount}(2662)
??????? |-avahi-daemon(3026)---avahi-daemon(3027)
??????? |-crond(2916)-+-crond(14707)-+-mj.sh(14709)
??????? |???????????? |????????????? `-sendmail(14773)
??????? |???????????? |-crond(14708)-+-mj.sh(14710)
??????? |???????????? |????????????? `-sendmail(14754)
??????? |???????????? `-crond(26312)-+-mj.sh(26314)
??????? |??????????????????????????? `-sendmail(26387)
??????? |-cupsd(2717)
??????? |-dbus-daemon(2446)---{dbus-daemon}(2447)
??????? |-events/0(8)
??????? |-events/1(9)
??????? |-gam_server(3175)
??????? |-gpm(2902)
??????? |-hald(2587)---hald-runner(2588)-+-hald-addon-acpi(2596)
??????? |??????????????????????????????? |-hald-addon-keyb(13708)
??????? |??????????????????????????????? `-hald-addon-stor(2606)
??????? |-hcid(2477)
??????? |-hidd(2628)
??????? |-hpiod(2676)
??????? |-java(1572)-+-java(1586)-+-{java}(1590)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1591)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1592)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1593)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1594)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1595)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1596)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1597)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1598)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1599)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1600)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1782)
??????? |??????????? |??????????? |-{java}(1783)
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示例三[root@web ~]# pstree -a | less
init?????????????????????????????????????????????
? |-acpid
? |-atd
? |-auditd
? |?? |-audispd
? |?? |?? `-{audispd}
? |?? `-{auditd}
? |-automount
? |?? |-{automount}
? |?? |-{automount}
? |?? |-{automount}
? |?? `-{automount}
? |-avahi-daemon
? |?? `-avahi-daemon
? |-crond
? |?? |-crond
? |?? |?? |-(mj.sh)
? |?? |?? `-sendmail
? |?? |-crond
? |?? |?? |-(mj.sh)
? |?? |?? `-sendmail
? |?? |-crond
? |?? |?? |-(mj.sh)
? |?? |?? `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi -t
? |?? |-crond
? |?? |?? |-(mj.sh)
? |?? |?? `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi -t
? |?? `-crond
? |?????? |-(mj.sh)
? |?????? `-sendmail -FCronDaemon -i -odi -oem -oi -t
? |-cupsd
? |-dbus-daemon --system
? |?? `-{dbus-daemon}
? |-(events/0)
? |-(events/1)
? |-gam_server
? |-gpm -m /dev/input/mice -t exps2
? |-hald
? |?? `-hald-runner
? |?????? |-hald-addon-acpi
:
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示例四[root@web ~]# pstree 2701
sshd-+-sshd---bash---update_and_rest---cvs
???? |-sshd---bash---pstree
???? `-sshd---bash
[root@web ~]# pstree -p 2701
sshd(2701)-+-sshd(6745)---bash(6749)---update_and_rest(14193)---cvs(14194)
?????????? |-sshd(12626)---bash(12630)---pstree(15588)
?????????? `-sshd(13324)---bash(13328)
[root@web ~]#
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问题思考相关资料【1】Linux Operating System???? How to use pstree an alternative to ps???
【2】THE GEEK STUFF???? tree and pstree: Visualize Unix Processes and Directories in Hierarchical Structure???
【3】Linux basic configurations???? Introduction to Linux process and daemons????
【4】LINFO???? The pstree Command
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