Oracle 10g SQL Fundamentals II(学习笔记二第3-4章)
第三章 大数据集合 从一个表中拷贝数据insert into sales(id,name,salary,commission_pct)select employee_id,last_name,salaryfrom employeeswhere job_id like '%REP%';将子查询作为insert的目标INSERT INTO(SELECT employee_id, last_name,email, hire_date, job_id, salary, department_id FROM empl3 WHERE department_id = 50) VALUES (99999, 'Taylor', 'DTAYLOR',TO_DATE('07-JUN-99', 'DD-MON-RR'),'ST_CLERK', 5000, 50); 获取数据使用子查询作为数据源 SELECT a.last_name, a.salary, a.department_id, b.salavgFROM employees a, (SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) salavg FROM employees GROUP BY department_id) bWHERE a.department_id = b.department_idAND a.salary > b.salavg; update emp set job_id=(select job_id from employees where employee_id=205 ) ,salary=( select salary from employees where employee_id=205 ) where employee_id=114; INSERT ALL插入多个表的数据 语法INSERT ALL INTO table_a VALUES(…,…,…) INTO table_b VALUES(…,…,…) INTO table_c VALUES(…,…,…) SELECT … FROM sourcetab WHERE …; 例如一： INSERT ALLINTO sal_history VALUES(EMPID,HIREDATE,SAL) INTO mgr_history VALUES(EMPID,MGR,SAL) SELECT employee_id EMPID, hire_date HIREDATE, salary SAL, manager_id MGR FROM employees WHERE employee_id > 200; 例如二： INSERT ALLWHEN SAL > 10000 THEN INTO sal_history VALUES(EMPID,HIREDATE,SAL) WHEN MGR > 200 THEN INTO mgr_history VALUES(EMPID,MGR,SAL) SELECT employee_id EMPID,hire_date HIREDATE, salary SAL, manager_id MGR FROM employees WHERE employee_id > 200; 实例三： INSERT FIRSTWHEN SAL > 25000 THEN INTO special_sal VALUES(DEPTID, SAL) WHEN HIREDATE like ('%00%') THEN INTO hiredate_history_00 VALUES(DEPTID,HIREDATE) WHEN HIREDATE like ('%99%') THEN INTO hiredate_history_99 VALUES(DEPTID, HIREDATE) ELSE INTO hiredate_history VALUES(DEPTID, HIREDATE)SELECT department_id DEPTID, SUM(salary) SAL, MAX(hire_date) HIREDATE FROM employeesGROUP BY department_id;实例四：INSERT ALLINTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_MON)INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_TUE)INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_WED)INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_THUR)INTO sales_info VALUES(employee_id,week_id,sales_FRI) SELECT employe_id,week_id,sales_mon,sales_tue,sales_wed,sales_thur,sale_pri FROM sales_source_data;MERGE语句的使用： 语法： MERGE INTO table_name table_alias USING (table|view|sub_query) alias ON (join condition) WHEN MATCHED THENUPDATE SET col1 = col_val1,col2 = col2_val WHEN NOT MATCHED THENINSERT (column_list)VALUES (column_values); 例如：插入或者更新empl3表信息 MERGE INTO empl3 c USING employees e ON (c.employee_id = e.employee_id)WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET c.first_name = e.first_name, c.last_name = e.last_name, ... c.department_id = e.department_idWHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(e.employee_id, e.first_name, e.last_name, e.email, e.phone_number, e.hire_date, e.job_id, e.salary, e.commission_pct, e.manager_id, e.department_id); 第四章分组相关的函数 语法： SELECT[column,] group_function(column)... FROMtable[WHEREcondition][GROUP BYgroup_by_expression][HAVING having_expression] [ORDER BYcolumn]; SELECT department_id, job_id, SUM(salary), COUNT(employee_id)FROM employeesGROUP BY department_id, job_id ;SELECT department_id, job_id, SUM(salary)FROM employees WHERE department_id < 60GROUP BY ROLLUP(department_id, job_id);SELECT department_id, job_id, SUM(salary)FROM employees WHERE department_id < 60GROUP BY CUBE (department_id, job_id) ;SELECT department_id DEPTID, job_id JOB, SUM(salary), GROUPING(department_id) GRP_DEPT, GROUPING(job_id) GRP_JOBFROM employeesWHERE department_id < 50GROUP BY ROLLUP(department_id, job_id);SELECT department_id, job_id, manager_id,avg(salary)FROM employeesGROUP BY GROUPING SETS((department_id,job_id), (job_id,manager_id));SELECT department_id, job_id, manager_id, SUM(salary)FROM employees GROUP BY ROLLUP( department_id,(job_id, manager_id));SELECT department_id, job_id, manager_id, SUM(salary)FROM employees GROUP BY department_id, ROLLUP(job_id), CUBE(manager_id);?