进程通信--管道听课笔记
进程间通信(IPC)作用
1.数据传输
2.共享资源
3.通知事件
4.进程控制
IPC的方式 6种
1.管道(pipe)和有名管道(FIFO)
2.信号(signal)
3.消息队列
4.共享内存
5.信号量
6.套接字
管道
一进程写入管道尾部,另一进程从管道头读出
读空管道,进程被阻塞
写满管道,进程被阻塞
无名管道多用于父子进程间的通信
int pipe(int filedis[2])//创建无名管道
//管道的创建和关闭#include <unistd.h>#include <errno.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int main(){ int pipe)fd[2]; //创建pipe if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0){ printf("pipe create error\n"); return -1; }else{ printf("pipe create success\n"): } //关闭pipe close(pipe_fd[0]); colse(pipe_fd[1]);}
#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>int mkfifo(const char *pathname, mode_t mode)
unlink(const char *pathname)
#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"main(int argc,char** argv){char buf_r[100];int fd;int nread;/* 创建管道 */if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");printf("Preparing for reading bytes...\n");memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));/* 打开管道 */fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);if(fd==-1){perror("open");exit(1);}while(1){memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))==-1){if(errno==EAGAIN)printf("no data yet\n");}printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);sleep(1);}pause(); /*暂停,等待信号*/unlink(FIFO); //删除文件}
#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#define FIFO_SERVER "/tmp/myfifo"main(int argc,char** argv){int fd;char w_buf[100];int nwrite;/*打开管道*/fd=open(FIFO_SERVER,O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);if(argc==1){printf("Please send something\n");exit(-1);}strcpy(w_buf,argv[1]);/* 向管道写入数据 */if((nwrite=write(fd,w_buf,100))==-1){if(errno==EAGAIN)printf("The FIFO has not been read yet.Please try later\n");}else printf("write %s to the FIFO\n",w_buf);}