[转载]截取部分图片并显示
[转自]http://marshal.easymorse.com/archives/3703
在ios开发中,肯定会碰到需要截取部分图片的情况。
最终的效果类似这样:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099794.png)
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099795.png)
写了个最简单的读取图片并显示的代码,打算以此为开始,逐渐实现截取部分图片的功能。
代码主要是,在控制器代码中:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [contentView setImage:image];?
????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];?
}
另外,应该有一个名为1.jpg的768×1024的图片(我这里是iPad)。
?
?
可以认为截取整个图片是截取部分图片的一个特例。对ios不熟嘛,因此打算很谨慎的推进。截取整个图片可以减少中间的复杂性。
根据API,摸索着写了一个示例,效果出乎意料:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099796.png)
代码:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? //[contentView setImage:image];?
????
??? CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 768, 1024);//创建矩形框?
??? UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);//根据size大小创建一个基于位图的图形上下文?
??? CGContextRef currentContext = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();//获取当前quartz 2d绘图环境?
??? CGContextClipToRect( currentContext, rect);//设置当前绘图环境到矩形框?
????
??? CGContextDrawImage(currentContext, rect, image.CGImage);//绘图?
??? UIImage *cropped = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();//获得图片?
??? UIGraphicsEndImageContext();//从当前堆栈中删除quartz 2d绘图环境?
????
??? contentView.image=cropped;?
????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];??? [cropped release];?
}
这个代码说明了两点:
问题应该出在坐标系上。下面画了一个quartz 2d的坐标系,坐标原点在左下角:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099797.png)
因此以这个坐标系取图形,就会有转向180°的效果。
其实如果是对图片的缩放,而不是剪切部分图片内容,这样写就可以了:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
??? //[contentView setImage:image];?
????
??? CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 384, 512);//创建矩形框?
??? UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);//根据size大小创建一个基于位图的图形上下文?
??? CGContextRef currentContext = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();//获取当前quartz 2d绘图环境?
??? CGContextClipToRect(currentContext, rect);//设置当前绘图环境到矩形框?
????
??? //CGContextRotateCTM(currentContext, 50);?
????
??? //CGContextDrawImage(currentContext, rect, image.CGImage);//绘图?
????
??? [image drawInRect:rect];?
????
??? UIImage *cropped = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();//获得图片?
??? UIGraphicsEndImageContext();//从当前堆栈中删除quartz 2d绘图环境?
????
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:rect];?
??? contentView.image=cropped;?
????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];??? [cropped release];?
}
效果类似这样:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099798.png)
这个方法可以帮助我们在后续开发中实现缩略图。但是不符合现在的需求。
于是想了下面的基本思路:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099799.png)
这样,需要一个能旋转和向下移动的API。ios提供了C++界面的函数调用:
代码:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
??? //[contentView setImage:image];?
????
??? CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 384, 512);//创建矩形框?
??? UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);//根据size大小创建一个基于位图的图形上下文?
??? CGContextRef currentContext = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();//获取当前quartz 2d绘图环境?
??? CGContextClipToRect(currentContext, rect);//设置当前绘图环境到矩形框?
????
??? CGContextRotateCTM(currentContext, M_PI);?
??? CGContextTranslateCTM(currentContext, -rect.size.width, -rect.size.height);?
????
??? CGContextDrawImage(currentContext, rect, image.CGImage);//绘图?
????
??? //[image drawInRect:rect];?
????
??? UIImage *cropped = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();//获得图片?
??? UIGraphicsEndImageContext();//从当前堆栈中删除quartz 2d绘图环境?
????
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:rect];?
??? contentView.image=cropped;?
????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];??? [cropped release];?
}
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099800.png)
这个结果还有缺陷,可以看到图片是正立的了,但是图片反转了,是个镜像。
解决办法也有,不过不是操作图片了,而是操作图片所在的视图。思路是把视图看作一个位图的矩阵,对它做矩阵变换运算,使视图做镜像反转。写法很简单:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
??? //[contentView setImage:image];?
????
??? CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 384, 512);//创建矩形框?
??? UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(rect.size);//根据size大小创建一个基于位图的图形上下文?
??? CGContextRef currentContext = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();//获取当前quartz 2d绘图环境?
??? CGContextClipToRect(currentContext, rect);//设置当前绘图环境到矩形框?
????
????
??? CGContextRotateCTM(currentContext, M_PI);?
??? CGContextTranslateCTM(currentContext, -rect.size.width, -rect.size.height);?
??? //CGContextTranslateCTM(currentContext,0.0,200.0);?
????
??? CGContextDrawImage(currentContext, rect, image.CGImage);//绘图?
????
??? //[image drawInRect:rect];?
????
??? UIImage *cropped = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();//获得图片?
??? UIGraphicsEndImageContext();//从当前堆栈中删除quartz 2d绘图环境?
????
????????
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:rect];?
??? contentView.image=cropped;?
????
??? contentView.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;?
??? contentView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(-1.0, 1.0);????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];??? [cropped release];?
}?
这里的转换因子,一个是针对x轴的,一个是针对y轴的。终于可以产生这样的效果了:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099801.png)
这里参考了这个文档:
http://macdevcenter.com/pub/a/mac/2004/11/02/quartz.html
虽然是很古老的文章了,但是说的很清楚。另外,方法名称已经发生变化,需要注意。
截取部分图片,比如:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099802.png)
截取左边人像部分。
实现后的代码,效果是这样的:
![image [转载]截取一部分图片并显示](http://img.reader8.net/uploadfile/jiaocheng/2014017/1414/201401140114099803.png)
如何实现的呢,这时候才发现,其实根本不需要上面那些转换,如果不使用quartz 2d的话,截取部分图片这么简单:
- (void)loadView {?
??? [[UIApplication sharedApplication] setStatusBarHidden:YES withAnimation: UIStatusBarAnimationSlide];?
??? UIImage *image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"1.jpg"];?
????
????
??? CGRect rect = CGRectMake(60, 80, 331, 353);//创建矩形框?
??? UIImageView *contentView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:rect];?
??? contentView.image=[UIImage imageWithCGImage:CGImageCreateWithImageInRect([image CGImage], rect)];?
????
??? self.view=[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] applicationFrame]];?
??? [self.view addSubview:contentView];?
????
??? [image release];?
}
虽然编写代码的过程是曲折的,但是摸到很多有用的东西,都是以后要用到的。