Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of thebest ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university toattend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decisionworksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 最优化 ) compare the actual decisionsmade by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are.Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believethat it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there areseveral variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are allsimilar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem ina clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem.Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will beaffected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of eachconsideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned anumerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematicallycalculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highestnumber of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are severalalternatives to choose frown, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that itpermits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generallycomprehend and
remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas intheir minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decisioninvolves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic examplefor my college students is the question "What will I do aftergraduation?" A graduate might seek a
position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanceddegree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct (简洁的) statement of the problem thatwill also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinctionbetween long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve adifferent decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, agraduating
student might revise the question above to "What will I doafter graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
62. Of he following steps__________ is the one that occurs beforethe others in making a decision worksheet.
A) listing the consequences of each solution
B) calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C) writing down all possible solutions
D) deciding which consequences are most important
63.According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision isdefined as one hat__________.
A) has the fewest variables to consider
B) uses the most decision worksheets
C) has the most points assigned to it
D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people
64. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 by meansof__________.
A) describing a process
B) classifying different types
C) providing historical background
D) explaining a theory
65. The author's attitude towards a pencil and paperdecision-making procedure is __________.
A) neural
B) approving
C) ambiguous
D) biased
66. The passage mainly discusses __________.
A) a tool to assist in making complex decisions
B) a comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions
C) research on how people make decisions
D) differences between making long-range and short-range decisions
