Passage three
A youngster’s social development has a profound effect on his academic progress. Kids who have trouble getting along with their classmates can end up behind academically as well and have a higher chance of dropping out(). In the early grades especially, experts say, youngsters should be encouraged to work in groups rather than individually so that teachers can spot children who may be having problems making friends. “ When children work on a project,” says Lillian Kate, an educational professor at the University of Illinois, “they learn to work together, to disagree, to think to take turns and lighten tensions.” These skills can’t be learned through lecture. We all know people who have wonderful technical skills but don’t have any social skills. Relationship should be the first R.
At a certain age, children are also learning to judge themselves in relation to others. For most children, school marks the first time that their goals are not set by an internal clock but by the outside world. Just as the 1-year- old struggling to walk the 6-year-old is struggling to meet adult expectations. “Young kids don’t know how to distinguish early-childhood education for the state of New Jersey, if they try hard to do something and fail, they may conclude that they will never be able to accomplish a particular task. The effect is serious,” says Hills, “a child who has had his confidence really damaged needs a rescue operation.”
26. In the author’s view, a kid’s poor relationship with his classmates would _____.
A. have negative effects on his study
B. develop his individualism but limit his intelligence
C. eventually lead to his leaving school
D. have nothing to do with his achievement in a course
27. In the first paragraph, the word “spot” means _______.
A. teach B. help C. find D. treat
28. For most children, school makes them understand _________.
A. that it is society rather than individual that decides one’s future
B. that they can meet the social needs
C. that one’s effort and one’s ability can be two quite different matters
D. that social needs and individual needs have nothing in common
29. Which of the following is most unlikely for the author to do?
A. To talk to the students who have mental problems
B. To help students develop a feeling of self-respect
C. To keep a student from playing alone
D. T announce a student’s score in public
30. Which of the following is the major concern of the passage about a student’s needs?
A. Individualism and cooperation
B. Academic success and independent thinking
C. Socialization and feeling of competence
D. Intelligence and respect
Passage four
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meaning of thousands of perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habit and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering ” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--- ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combination of words.
31. According to the passage, memory is considered to be _______.
A. the basis for decision making and problem solving
B. an ability to store experiences for future use
C. an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D. the data mainly consisting of words and combination of words
32. The comparison made between the memory of a large capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that _____.
A. the computer’s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager
B. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller than an adult human being’s
C. the computer’s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager
D. both A and B
33. The whole passage implies that _______.
A. only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B. a person’s memory is different from a computer’s in every respect
C. animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D. animals solves problems by instincts rather than intelligence
34. The phrase “in terms of ” in the last sentence can best be replaced by ______.
A. “in connection with ” B. “expressed by”
C. “ consisting” D. “by means of”
35. The topic of the passage is: __________.
A. What would life be like without memory?
B. Memory is of vital importance to life
C. How is a person’s memory different from an animal’s or a computer’s?
D. What is contained in memory?
