本文是一篇说明性的文章，从7个方面探讨了导致肥胖的原因，例如寿没有充足的睡眠、年龄的增长、基因的影响等。
1. C
本题考查文章中心，为主旨题。快速阅读的结构明确，先提出文章主要话题，然后以标题的形式展开。因此文章的主旨就在文章前两段。文章第一段提出谈论话题：肥胖，紧接着第二段提出科学家目前提出了关于肥胖的七个主要原因。
2. A
根据题干关键词US Nurses’ Health Study和7 hours定位文中第一个小标题后第二段第三句话。此题的关键是要看出作者的数据推理比较，睡5个小时比睡6个小时的人体重增加的多，睡6个小时的又比睡7个小时的多。因此，睡7个小时的人增加的体重最少。
3. B
此题可以利用题干关键词the popular belief和选项中的核心词汇sleep定位在第一个小标题下面的最后一段。段首的It’s well known是关键词的同义改写。文中提到，人们先会出现肥胖，然后会睡眠减少。因此和B选项cause sleep lose同义。
4. D
此题关键词也非常明确，为indoor heating，定位于文章第二个小标题下面的最后一段。题干问屋内温度对生活有什么影响，文中提到研究表明在舒适环境中我们会减少能量的消耗。因此屋内温度舒适会导致体重增加。
5. C
关键词nicotine出现在文章的第三个小标题下面的第一段最后。原文nicotine is an appetite suppressant 和选项C it suppresses their appetite只是调整了单词的顺序。
6. D
专有名词Katherine Flegal出现在第三个小标题下面的第二段。题干问根据研究，谁最有可能肥胖，而文中指出people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness（戒烟是肥胖问题蔓延的一个很小的原因，但是非常重要。），因此戒烟的人最有可能肥胖。
7. B
此题有一定难度，关键词US National Center for Health Statistics很容易定位，在第五个小标题下面的第一段，但是该段提供大量信息需要归纳总结。文中借用非白人女性、墨西哥裔女性、黑人女性等肥胖数据，证明在美国非白人女性的肥胖问题非常严重，因此和B选项的the rising proportion of minorities 同义。
8. not entirely clear
利用关键词US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute定位在文章第六个小标题下面第一段最后。题目中的reason和原文中的why同义转换，因此答案非常清晰。
9. family size
由题干中的Michael Symonds定位在第六个小标题下面第二段第二句。随着家庭规模的缩小，第一个出生的孩子成为了肥胖问题的重要组成部分。文中使用的主谓结构，题干转换位介宾结构，但是都是名词性结构，因此不用发生形式变化。
10. partly genetic
根据依次而下的顺序出题原则，定位在原文最后一段。而原文中出现明显的转折词but和破折号，因此进一步定位在文章最后一句话中。
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
One of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales of over $10 billion, is a company called Nike, with corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Forbes magazine identified Nike’s president, Philip Knight, as the 53rd-richest man in the world in 2004. But Nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. In fact, Knight started the company by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets.
In the late 1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman. One of the top track coaches in the U.S., Bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. After attending Oregon, Knight moved on to do graduate work at Stanford University; his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a manufacturer of athletic shoes. Knight convinced the company’s officials of the potential for its product in the U.S. In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.
In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the first few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the fielD) In its early years the organization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal; people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was little task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial
1. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were __________.
2. During his visit to Japan, Knight convinced the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company that its product would have ____________.
3. Blue Ribbon Sports as unable to hire experts due to the absence of ____________ in North America.
4. In the early years of Nike, communication within the company was usually carried out ___________.
5. What qualities of Bowerman’s teams formed the basis of Nike’s early management style?
试题详解
1. lighter and more shock-absorbent
根据题干关键词a track coach, Bowerman和design running shoes定位在第二段首句。本题考查设计的跑鞋有什么特征，而句中提及an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent，因此lighter and more shock-absorbent为正确答案。
2. the potential in the U.S.
根据题干中的Japan和the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company定位到原文第二段段末：Knight convinced the company’s officials of the potential for its product in the U.S.，意思是Knight使公司官员确信产品在美国具有潜力。题干中its product为主语，have为谓语动词，所填部分充当宾语，因此the potential in the U.S.。
3. established athletic footwear industry
根据题干中的Blue Ribbon Sports和North America定位到原文第三段第三句。 题干中提及公司没有雇用专家是因为在北美缺少什么，短语the absence of 是对原文中的there was no的同义转换。所以答案是established athletic footwear industry。
4. informally
此题的关键词非常明确，就是communication，定位在文章倒数第四行：Communication was informal。题干中需要填写动词词组carry out的修饰词，应该是副词，所以答案为informally.
5. The team spirit and shared valves of the athletes.
根据题干结构分析，可以得知答案应该在句中充当主语quality的修饰，即为定语，是名词性或形容词性结构。根据题干关键词Bowerman’s teams 和 the basis of Nike’s early management style，以及依次而下的顺序出题原则，可以定位在文章结尾。
