Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help
There is no good place to have a car crash — but some places are worse than others. In a foreign country, for instance, trying to explain via cellphone that you are upside down in a ditch when you cannot speak the local language can fatally delay the arrival of the emergency services.
But an answer may be at hand. Researchers funded by the European Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that automatically senses when a car has crashed and sends a text message telling emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken place.
The system was developed by ERTICO, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium. Cars are fitted with a cellphone-sized device attached to the underside of the dashboard which is activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash. The device includes a cellphone circuit, a GPS positioning unit, and a microphone and loudspeaker.
It registers the severity of the crash by reading the deceleration data from the airbag's sensor. Using Gps information, it works out which country the car is in, and from this it determines at which language to compose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident.
The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency services operator. If the car's occupants are conscious, they can communicate with the operator via the speaker and microphone.
E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading when it crashed, which in turn indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up.
This helps the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene, "We can waste a large amount of time searching for an incident," says Jim Hammond, a (an) expert in vehicle technology at the Association of Chief Police Officers in the UK. Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the UK. Trails have already started in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy.
In-car systems that summon the emergency services after a crash have already been fitted in some premium cars. ERTICO says that if EU states are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure, Emerge could be working by 2008.
A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6,000 of the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe's roads, and prevent a similar number of serious injuries.
The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per year in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer lost working days. [理工类A]
撞毁汽车发送短信求助
没有什么地方是适于撞车的,但是如果在有些地方发生事故却会更为糟糕。例如在国外,如果你不会当地的语言却想通过无绳电话和对方解释你的车头下尾上地翻到了沟里,会大大延迟紧急事件处理部门救援的到来。
但现在人们可能找到了解决的办法。欧洲贸易委员会资助的研究员们正在开始测试一个叫做E-merge的系统。这个系统可以自动察觉到车祸并向紧急事件处理部门用当地语言发送文本信息告知事故地点。
这个系统是由一个位于比利时布鲁塞尔的名叫ERTICO交通研究机构开发的。汽车可以在仪表板后面安装一个无绳电话大小的装置,然后由撞车后放出保护气囊的感应器一并带动工作。这个装置包含了一个无线电话电路,全球定位系统单元,一个扬声器和一个喇叭。
这个装置可以通过安全气囊感应器上的减速数据记录下车祸的严重程度。利用全球定位系统信息查明汽车所在的国家。然后决定使用何种语言来组织记录详细车祸地点的警报信息。
接着装置就自动给当地紧急事件处理部门的接线员打电话。如果车上的人神智清醒,他(她)可以与接线员通过扬声器和喇叭直接交流。
E-merge系统还可以发送车辆的牌子、型号、颜色、驾驶证号码以及撞车时的行驶方向的信息,这些信息会表明汽车是在具有多条行道的高速路的哪一边发生事故的。
这样就可以协助紧急救援事件处理部门尽快在事故地点找到车辆。英国的总警官联合会的车辆技术专家吉姆·翰姆迪说:“我们可能会在搜索事故地点上浪费大量的时间。”测试将马上在英国警车队中实行。德国、挪威、西班牙、荷兰和意大利都已经开始了这个测试。
在车祸后可以调遣紧急事件处理部门的车辆内置系统已经安装在一些高档的汽车中了。ERTICO说如果欧盟国家愿意出资建设必要的基础设施。E-merged系统就可以在2008年运行。
法国雷诺汽车的一项研究结论表明这个系统每年可以挽救在欧洲公路上丧生的40000万人中的6000人的生命,而且也能防止类似的严重伤情。
雷诺研究估测,如果在欧洲的每辆汽车上安装E-merge系统,每年人们将会在医疗、保险和因事故损失的工作日方面节约1500亿欧元。[理工类A]
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