2008年高考英语考点汇集
非谓语动词
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。
它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。
现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。
现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。
过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。
分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式
having cleaned the room, i went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
i found the man killed there.
i found the man standing there.
4、have结构
we have the car repaired.
we have repaired the car.
we have tom repair the car.
we have tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
we were excited at the news.
the football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
it being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
ii． 例题
例1、time_______， i’ll go on a picnic with you.
a. permit b. to permit c. permitted d. permitting
解析：该题答案为d。 time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
a. ask b. to ask c. asked d. asking
解析：该题答案为c。主语she是被问。
情态动词与助动词
i． 要点
助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有
be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).
情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，
主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.
1、 can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，
如:you can go now.
提建议或请求时可用can i, can you表客气，
如can i buy you a drink?
can和be able to表能力时的区别。
can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定条件下的能力，
如:although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.
2、may
（1）可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。you may go.
（2）（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如he may not be right.
3、must, have to
must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，
如:it’s getting late. i have to go. -must i go now. -yes, you must.
(no, you needn’t./ no, you don’t have to.)
4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，
如用作情态动词后接动词原形。need i go now? --yes, you must./no, you needn’t.)
5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，
如，shall we begin our lesson?
用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，
如: you shall fail if you don’t work harder.
6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。
如:we should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，
如 "will you lend me your book?" "yes, i will."，
