简短回答题实卷评阅抽样举例
本文以1999年1月四级考试试题简答题为例，对考生所做的各题的答案在全国范围内进行的抽样结果列举如下，供考生研究和参考，吸取经验和教训，提高阅读理解能力和解题能力。(原材料由国家大学英语四、六级考试中心提供，本文作者作了必要的说明和加注。)
试题部分
Short Answer Questions
Would-be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common：they all want some recognition of their professional status，and skills，and a job.The former requirement is obviously important on a personal level，but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work.
Ten years ago，the situation was very different.In virtually every developing country， and in many developed countries as well，being a native English speaker was enough to get you employed as an English teacher.
Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge，the skills，and attitudes to teach English effectively.The result of this has been to raise non-native English speakers to the same status as their native counterparts(相对应的人)-something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed.Non-natives are now happy-linguistic discrimination(语言上的歧视)is a thing of the past.
An ongoing research project，funded by the University of Cambridge，asked a sample of teachers，teacher educators and employers in more than 40countries whether they regard the native／non-native speakers distinction as being at all important."No"was the answer.As long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English，it didn't matter who they wereand where they came from.Thus，a new form of discrimination-this time justified because it singled out the unqualified-liberated the lin- guistically oppressed(受压迫的).But the Cambridge project did more than just that：it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar. Questions：(注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格。)
S1.The selection of English teachers used to be mainly based on ___________ . S2.What did non-native English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy？ S3.What kind of people can now find a job as an English teacher？ S4.What is the result of the"new form of discrimination"(Line 9，Para.4)？ S5.The phrase"the linguistically oppressed"(Line 11，Para.4)refers to those who were___________.
各题标准答案及各分数档次的答案抽样举例与说明
S1.The selection of English teachers used to be mainly based on ___________ . whether they were native English speakers(or not)
2.0分下列答案被认为能答出全部内容，语言正确(其中时态错误忽略不计)。但考生应在平时复习中从严要求自己，确保时态的准确性。一般说来，答案部分的时态应与题干部分保持一致或相互呼应。我们之所以提出这样的要求，一是为了培养认真求知的态度，二是为了避免今后因时态错误也同样算语言错误而扣分。
whether you are a native English speaker or not／the candidate's being a native English speaker／language，whether your native language is English or not／whether you are a native／whether the candidate's mother tongue is English／the teacher's nationality／who they are and where they come from
1.5分下列答案被认为答出了全部内容，但有一处或多处语言错误。这些错误包括了从句连接词错误或无从句连接词、主谓不一致、无主语、名词数的错误、代词与被指代的名词不一致、文法不通或缺乏逻辑性等等。
they were English speakers or not／you were a native English speaker／whether is a native English speakers or not／whether they are the native speaker or not／whether English is his mother tongue or not／whether a candidate is a native English speaker／what is his native language／citizenship.Being native English speakers were enough to be employed／that if you are a native English speaker／mother-tongue
1.0分下列答案被认为涉及了无关内容，并具有语言错误或超过规定字数。 speaking.You should being a native speaker.／nation.Being a native English speaker was enough to be selected／nation.A Englishman will be enough to be an English teacher. 0.5分(无) 0.0分下列答案被认为是完全错误的。
their professional status and skills／native／ native counterparts／the level of speaking English ／a personal level／nation／whether they can speak English／English knowledge and native people／their professional status and skills and being a native speaker／a native English speaker S2.What did non-native English teachers deserve but seldom enjoy？
The same status as their native counterparts.
2.0分下列答案被认为能答出全部内容，并无语言错误。
The status that the native counterparts have.／Being raised to the same status as their native counterparts／The same status as those native speakers／The status of the native counterparts／Having the same status as their native counterparts／The status enjoyed by native English teachers／The status which their counterparts have
1.5分下列答案被认为答对了，但有语言错误或表述不够清楚。最大的错误是考生不知怎样回答What的问题，不知在动词deserve和enjoy后要用名词词组或动名词词组。大多数考生采用了句子来表述，结果造成了严重的语言错误，或表述不清或文理不通，不能与问句相呼应。虽然有少数答案是名词词组或动名词词组，但却存在缺少冠词或冠词使用不当、名词数的错误以及超词错误等等。
They are the same status as their native counterparts.／Same status as the native English teacher／Same status as their native counterparts' something／They have the same status as their native counterparts.／Raising them／Raising themselves to the same status as their native counterparts／They were at the same status as the native speakers／They were treated the same as their native counterparts／They were raised to the same status as native counterparts ／The status as the native counterparts／There shouldn't be linguistic discrimination
1.0分下列答案被认为参杂了无关内容，并具有严重的语言错误和超词错误，答案不能与问题相呼应。
Raised them to same status as their native counterparts，happiness／The non-native English teacher are equal to the native teacher if they have the knowledge，the skill and attitudes to teach English／The result that they have the same status as their native counterparts／Recognition of professional status and skills and a job 0.5分下列答案被认为答对了部分内容，具有严重的语言错误。 raise non-native English speakers to the same status／Raising of their status／They can teach English like native English teachers 0.0分下列答案被认为是根本没有答对问题，答非所问。
Linguistic discrimination／It's the rise of non-native English teachers／Their native counterparts.／As their native counterparts.／Those who have the knowledge and are native English speakers.／the chances to be an English teacher／ Not being the same status as their native counterparts／The native English teacher／Their status was not raised as their native counterparts／The rise of the quantity of non-native English teachers S3.What kind of people can now find a job as an English teacher？
Those who are qualified.
Those who can teach English(effectively).
2.0分下列答案被认为答出了全部内容，语言正确。
People who are skillful in English teaching.／People who can do well in English teaching.／Those people who can teach English effectively.／Those who have good skills and attitudes to teach effectively.／People who have the knowledge，the skills and right attitudes.／Both qualified native English speakers and non-native English teachers.／Whoever have the knowledge the skills and right attitudes.／People who have the knowledge，the skills to teach.
1.5分下列答案被认为答出了全部内容，但存在语言错误。这些错误包括定语从句中的主谓不一致、词语搭配不当、词性混乱、不定冠词使用不当、句子不连贯、答案不能与问题相呼应，回答本题的最佳句式为"名词／代词＋定语从句"。
The one who have the knowledge，the skill，effective attitudes／Having the knowledge， the skill and teaching English effectively.／People who has knowledge skills and effective English teaching can.／The people with knowledge， skills and effectively attitudes.／Who can teach and have the required level of English.／A people who can teach and have enough English knowledge.／Those of knowledge and skills and can teach English effectively.／Those who have knowledge and skills，can teach English effectively.／People who can teach and have required level of English.／With the necessary knowledge，skills and attitudes.／One having professional status，skills and attitudes.
1.0分下列答案被认为答对了部分信息，第6个答出了全部信息，但有超词和语言错误。
The person who has the knowledge to teach English effectively.／The knowledgeable， skillful people who have the required English level.／People who have the required level of English can.／He who has the knowledge and attitudes to do well.／All the people who have the required level of English.／People who have knowledge，the skills and attitudes to teach English effectively.
0.5分下列答案被认为答对了部分信息，而且有语言错误，其中包括时态错误、主谓不一致、冠词的误用以及答案不能与题干相呼应等。
The people who had the required level of English.／Whoever have the required level of English and willing.／As long as candidates had the required level of English.／A people who have the attitudes to teacher English effectively.
0.0分下列答案被认为是完全错误的。如前所述，本题答案的最佳句式应为"名词／代词＋定语从句"，而以下答案却用了完整句或无主句句式，无法与题干相呼应。
He's the knowledge，the skills，attitudes to teach English effectively.／Being a native English speaker can now find a job as an English teacher.／He can get on well with his job.／Whoever is a native or non-native speakers.／People can teach English effectively.／People have the knowledge，skills and teaching English effectively／have the knowledge，skill and attitudes to teach English effectively.／(They)could／can teach and had the required level of English.／ People can teach and the required level of English.／They(He)should ／must have knowledge，the skills，and attitudes(to teach well). S4.What is the result of the"new form of discrimination"(Line 9，Para.4)？
The linguistically oppressed are liberat-ed.
Unqualified English teachers are singled out.
2.0分下列答案被认为内容无误，语言正确。但第11个答案的时态不对，应用一般现在时为好，这一点被忽略不计。
The result is that the linguistically oppressed were liberated.／Singling out the unqualified， liberating the linguistically oppressed.／It singled out the unqualified-liberated the linguistically oppressed.／Liberation of the linguistically op- pressed.／Liberating those who are the linguistically oppressed.／Liberating the linguistically oppressed non-natives.／It selected the qualified out the unqualified.／Unqualified people are singled out and qualified people are employed.／ The unqualified teachers singled out while the qualified liberated.／Liberated the linguistically oppressed.／The unqualified will be singled out and not be employed.／It liberated the non-native English teachers linguistically oppressed.／ Liberated the non-native speakers who can teach English well.
1.5分下列答案被认为内容完整。但存在语言错误，如单词拼写错误、主谓不一致、时态错误、用词不当、不能用无主句或从句表达等等。
The inqualified English teachers are singled out.／It single out the unqualified liberated the linguistically oppressed.／Because it liberated the linguistically oppressed.／It liberates the linguistically oppressed and is justified.／It liberated and gave same opportunities to non-native English teachers.／It liberated non-native speakers who was the linguistically oppressed.／(To)liberate the linguistically oppressed.／Single out the unqualified and get away linguistic discrimination.／It singles out the unqualified and treats the qualified equal.／It is that people liberated the linguistically oppressed.／Some unqualified English teachers will be singled out.／The unqualified are fired and the linguistically oppressed are liberated.／The linguistically oppressed's liberation.／The selection relies on people's teaching ability，not other things.／The standard of employing will be only based on qualifications.
1.0分下列答案被认为答出了部分内容，有的具有语言错误和超词错误。
Qualification may be more important.／ People having the level of teaching English can become teachers.／The non-native English teachers replace those unqualified native English teachers.／An English teacher isn't judged by his birth and origin.／Native ／non-native speaks distinction wasn't regarded as being at all important.／It evaluates teachers fairly and properly.／The unqualified native English teachers will be fired.／Singling out English teachers by their level of English. 0.5分下列答案被认为答出了部分内容，但存在表述错误。
The non-natives could also become an English teacher.
0.0分下列答案被认为是答非所问。语言不通，文不达意。
The non-native speaks are liberate／people from everywhere have the same chance to teach English ／Select people according to ability make all man nationally equal／It will improve the teachers'all kinds of level／They can be teachers whether who they are ／Teachers were justified if they were qualified／This time qualified／justified because it singled out the unqualified. S5.The phrase"the linguistically op- pressed"(Line 11，Para.4)refers to those who were _______ .
qualified non-native teachers of English
2.0分下列答案被认为内容完整，语言无误。 non-native English speakers but could teachEnglish effectively／qualified in teaching English but were non-native speakers／good English teachers but were non-natives ／qualified and non-native English teachers
1.5分下列答案被认为内容完整，但存在语言错误或表述不够明确。语言错误包括时态不能与题干动词相呼应、冠词的滥用、词性混淆、同一句子中名词的单复数不一等等。
non-native speakers but have the ability to teach well／not the native people but had great ability in teaching／qualified but linguistic discriminated because of not being native ／able to teach English but not a native English speaker／ better in English teaching but were non-native English speakers／the non-native speakers who are qualified for the job／non-native English speakers but had knowledge and skill／non-natives who have the knowledge，the skills and attitudes／skillful and learned but not a native speaker
1.0分下列答案被认为答出了部分内容，语言基本无误。
non-native English teachers／discriminated because they were non-native English teachers／ ppressed because they were non-native teachers／ non-native English teachers but had the required level of English／non-native teachers／qualified but unemployed for their being non-native speakers／non-native speakers having abilities to teach English but not employed／oppressed because they were non-native speakers
0.5分下列答案被认为只答出了部分内容，并存在语言错误。
non-native English teachers of linguistic discrimination／non-native English teacher without right treatment／non-native English speaker to teach English／non-native teachers with good English but bad condition／non-native speakers and have the required level of English／ non-native speakers not employed as a language teacher
0.0分下列答案被认为完全没有答对问题或前后内容矛盾。
employers who have required level but a non-native／employed as a teacher ／non-native teachers and could find a teach job／non-native English teachers who are unqualified／non-native／the native speakers ／not English native／coming from non-native countries
