悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版) [平装]

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		悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版) [平装]
		悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版) [平装]

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《悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版)》是尼采仅用一周的时间完成的，是尼采最为著名的作品之一，是一部较为系统的哲学和美学著作。《悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版)》文风犀利，说理透辟。《悲剧的诞生?偶像的黄昏(英文版)》与《查拉图斯特拉如是说》、《快乐的科学》等著作无可争议的都是当代西方哲学的嚆矢。

作者简介

作者：(德国)尼采(Friedrich Nietzsche)

尼采Friedrich Nietzsche(1844-1900),was a 19th-century German philosopher,poet,composer and classical philologist.He wrote critical texts on religion,morality,contemporary culture,philosophy and science,displaying a fondness for metaphor,irony and aphorism.
Nietzsche’s influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy,notably in existentialism,nihilism and postmodernism.His key ideas include the death of God,perspectivism,the Ubermensch,the eternal recurrence,and the will to power.

目录

INTRODUCTION
THE BIRTH OF TRAGEDY
THE BIRTH OF TRAGEDY
TWILIGHT OF THE IDOLS
PREFACE
MAXIMS AND ARROWS
THE PROBLEM OF SOCRATES
“REASON”IN PHILOSOPHY
HOW THE“TRUE WORLD”FINALLY BECAME A FABLE
MORALITY AS ANTI—NATURE
THE FOUR GREAT ERRORS
THE“IMPROVERS”OF MANKIND
WHAT THE GERMANS LACK
SKIRMISHES OF AN UNTIMELY MAN
WHAT I OWE TO THE ANCIENTS
THE HAMMER SPEAKS

文摘

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Nietzsche’s work addresses ethics from several perspectives:meta-ethics,normative ethics,and descriptive ethics.
In the field of meta-ethics,one can perhaps most accurately classify Nietzsche as a moral skeptic; meaning that he claims that all ethical statements are false,because any kind of correspondence between ethical statements and“moral facts”remains illusory.(This forms part of a more general claim that no universally true fact exists,roughly because none of them more than“appear”to correspond to reality).Instead,ethical statements(like all statements)remain mere“interpretations.”However,Nietzsche does not claim that all interpretations are equivalent,since some testify for“noble”character while others are the symptom of a“decadent”life form.
Sometimes Nietzsche may seem to have very definite opinions on what he regards as moral or as immoral.Note,however,that one can explain Nietzsche’s moral opinions without attributing to him the claim of their truth.For Nietzsche,after all,we needn’t disregard a statement merely because it expresses something false.On the contrary,he depicts falsehood as essential for“life”.Interestingly enough,he mentions a“dishonest lie”,(discussing Wagner in The Case ofWagner)as opposed to an“honest”one,recommending further to consult Plato with regard to the latter,which should give some idea of the layers of paradox in his work.
In the juncture between normative ethics and descriptive ethics,Nietzsche distinguishes between“master morality”and“slave morality”.Although he recognizes that not everyone holds either scheme in a clearly delineated fashion without some syncretism,he presents them in contrast to one another.
Nietzsche elaborated these ideas in his book On the Genealogy of Morality,in which he also introduced the key concept of ressentiment as the basis for the slave morality.Nietzsche’s primarily negative assessment of the ethical and moralistic teachings of the world’s monotheistic religions followed from his earlier considerations of the questions of God and morality in the works The Gay Science and Thus Spoke Zarathustra.These considerations led Nietzsche to the idea of eternal recurrence.Nietzsche primarily meant that,for all practical purposes,his contemporaries lived as if God were dead,though they had not yet recognized it.Nietzsche believed this“death”had already started to undermine the foundations of morality and would lead to moral relativism and moral nihilism.As a response to the dangers of these trends he believed in re-evaluating the foundations of morality to better understand the origins and motives underlying them,so that individuals might decide for themselves whether to regard a moral value as born of an outdated or misguided cultural imposition or as somthting they wish to hold true.

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